Table 1. Different Flavonoids and i-Motif Forming Sequences Used in This Studya.
| flavonoids | molecular formula | nature |
|---|---|---|
| fisetin | C15H10O6 | 3,3′,4′,7-tetrahydroxyflavone |
| morin | C15H10O7 | 3,5,7,2′,4′-pentahydroxyflavone |
| oligo name (i-motif) | length (bases) | sequence (5′–3′) |
|---|---|---|
| HRAS1 | 23 | d(CGTGCCCTGCGCCCGCAACCCGA) |
| HRAS2 | 23 | d(GCCCCCGCCCCCGCCCCGCCCCG) |
| VEGF | 24 | d(GACCCCGCCCCCGGCCCGCCCCGG) |
| BCL2 | 39 | d(CAGCCCCGCTCCCGCCCCCTTCCTCCCGCGCCCGCCCCT) |
| c-MYC | 28 | d(TCCCCACCTTCCCCACCCTCCCCACCCT) |
| h-TELO | 22 | d(CCCTAACCCTAACCCTAACCCT) |
| c-KIT1 | 22 | d(CCCTCCCTCCCAGCGCCCTCCC) |
| c-KIT2 | 20 | d(CCCCTCCCTCGCGCCCGCGC) |
| absorption studies |
fluorescence studies |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (flavonoid–DNA interaction) | hypochromicity (%) | red shift (nm) | fluorescence enhancement (fold) | red shift (nm) |
| Fisetin–HRAS1 | 24.3 | 22 | 5.3 | 40 |
| Fisetin–HRAS2 | 12 | 12 | 1.7 | 20 |
| Fisetin–VEGF | 4.1 | 11 | 2.6 | 25 |
| Fisetin–BCL2 | 4.3 | 8 | 2.3 | 20 |
| Fisetin–c-MYC | 6 | 10 | 1.4 | 20 |
| Fisetin–h-TELO | 3 | 11 | 1.3 | 10 |
| Fisetin–c-KIT1 | 6 | 10 | 1.4 | 15 |
| Fisetin–c-KIT2 | 4.3 | 9 | 1.2 | 10 |
| Morin–HRAS1 | 13.7 | 4 | 1.0 | 1 |
| Morin–HRAS2 | 21.2 | 10 | 1.4 | 4 |
| Morin–VEGF | 6.8 | 3 | no enhancement | no shift |
| Morin–BCL2 | 3.4 | 2 | no enhancement | no shift |
| Morin–c-MYC | 3.4 | 2 | no enhancement | no shift |
| Morin-h-TELO | 6.8 | 4 | no enhancement | no shift |
| Morin–c-KIT1 | 3.4 | 2 | no enhancement | no shift |
| Morin–c-KIT2 | 3.4 | 3 | no enhancement | no shift |
a
For screening spectral parameters of interactions between fisetin and morin with different IM DNA structures obtained from absorption and steady-state fluorescence studies.