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. 2023 Aug 10;8(33):30598–30611. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04209

Table 2. Total Capital Investment (TCI) Assumptions.

cost parameter percentage
total direct cost (TDC)  
purchased equipment cost (PEC)  
land 8% of PEC
buildings, process, and auxiliary 10% of PEC
equipment installation and painting 25% of PEC
instrumentation and controls (installed) 10% of PEC
piping (installed) 10% of PEC
electrical system (installed) 10% of PEC
service facilities and yard improvements 40% of PEC
total indirect cost (TIC)  
engineering and supervision 5% of TDC
legal expense 1% of FCI
construction expense and constructor’s free 10% of FCI
contingency charges 5% of FCI
fixed capital investment (FCI) TDC + TIC
working capital investment (WCI) 5% of FCI
total capital investment (TCI) FCI + WCI