1	Mesosoma entirely to mostly orange-yellow (at most with part of propodeum, propleuron, mesosternum, and metapleuron dark brown to black) (Figs 22A, E, 23A, E, 57A, F, 64A, H); wings strongly to slightly infumated (Figs 22D, 57D, 64D); tarsal claws with one spine; white patch on usually gena reduced, not extending to post-genal part of occiput	2
–	Mesosoma entirely dark brown to black; wings variably colored but usually not infumated; tarsal claws variable; white patch on gena variable	4
2(1)	Entire body pale yellow or yellow-orange, except for black head and (sometimes) posterior 0.1–0.2 of metatibia and most of metatarsus brown to dark brown (Fig. 57A); wings only slightly infumated [Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Curacao, Dominica, Grenada, Netherlands Antilles, Peru, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela. Biology. Solitary, reared from Calpodesethlius. DNA: Partial barcode]	Alphomelonnigriceps (Ashmead, 1900)
–	Body with much darker coloration, usually with extensive areas dark brown to black (Figs 22A, 23A), if rarely body mostly dark orange-yellow then at least with brown coloration on humeral complex, propleuron (mostly), metapleuron (partially to entirely) and propodeum; wings strongly infumated	3
3(2)	T1 petiolar ridge comparatively very large, occupying posterior 0.7 of T1 length and running up to posterior margin of tergite, ridge divided posteriorly in two arms rather widely separated (Fig. 64G); T2 mostly strongly sculptured; head mostly reddish brown, especially face and frons; body mostly dark orange-yellow; wings very strongly infumated [Distribution: United States]	Alphomelonparanigriceps Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
–	T1 petiolar ridge comparatively shorter, occupying posterior 0.5 or less of T1 length, and ending clearly before posterior margin of tergite, ridge divided posteriorly in two arms which are usually not as widely separate (Figs 22F, 23F); T2 mostly smooth; head mostly black; body color variable but very rarely mostly dark orange-yellow; wings infumated but not as strongly as above [Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Peru, Puerto Rico. Biology: Solitary, reared from unidentified hesperiid. DNA: BINBOLD:AAZ9859]	Alphomeloncrocostethus Deans, 2003
4(1)	Metasoma paler colored, dorsally with some tergites orange or brown-yellow (Figs 18A, D, 31B, D, 67B, F, 77F, G) and/or with most laterotergites and sternites yellow (Fig. 34A, B)	5
–	Metasoma darker colored, mostly dark brown to black, if rarely most of T2 and small areas of T1 or T3 pale orange-brown then rest of metasoma dorsally and laterotergites and sternites dark brown to black, if rarely first three laterotergites and sternites yellow then rest of metasoma dark brown to black	10
5(4)	Metasoma mostly yellow or orange-yellow, except for small central area dark-brown on terga 6–8 and small black area on hypopygium (Fig. 67B, E, F) [Distribution: Argentina]	Alphomelonpyrrhogluteum Deans, 2003
–	Metasoma dorsally mostly brown to black (at most with T1–T3 yellow or orange-yellow, usually less), laterally and ventrally with variable coloration on laterotergites, sternites and hypopygium, but at least with some areas dark brown to black	6
6(5)	Comparatively paler colored species, T1–T3 orange-yellow (Figs 31A, B, D, 77A, F, G); coxae entirely to mostly yellow, yellow-orange or pale yellow-brown, with metacoxa at least yellow-orange on posterior 0.5; central ridge on T1 weakly defined or almost absent	7
–	Comparatively darker colored species, T1–T3 brown or black (Figs 11F, G, 19B, 20E, 34F); coxae brown, dark brown or black, with metacoxa entirely dark brown to black; central ridge on T1 strongly defined (Figs 11G, 18D, E, 20E, 34F, G)	8
7(6)	White patch on gena not extending to clypeus, which is entirely brown; face entirely dark brown (Figs 77B, 78A); ovipositor sheaths comparatively longer, 1.20× as long as length of first segment of metatarsus and > 0.50× length of metatibia (Fig. 77A); T1 with petiolar ridge marked by weak carinae (Figs 77G, 78D, E) [Distribution: Brazil, Costa Rica, Paraguay. Biology: Solitary, reared from unidentified hesperiid. DNA: Partial barcodes]	Alphomelonsimpsonorum Deans, 2003
–	White patch on gena extending to clypeus which is mostly white with only central 0.3 pale brown (Fig. 31C); face with pale orange-brown patch centrally, clearly paler than rest of brown face; ovipositor sheaths comparatively shorter, < 1.00× length of first segment of metatarsus and < 0.50× length of metatibia (Fig. 31A); T1 with petiolar ridge almost absent, marked by very weak carina or small depression (Fig. 31D, E) [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Gregarious, reared from Neoxeniades Burns03, N. Burns04. DNA: BINBOLD:AAE2229]	Alphomeloneldaarayae Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
8(6)	Tarsal claws with four spines; T2 mostly sculptured; hypopygium usually mostly yellow (brown to black on posterior 0.3 or less) (Fig. 34A) [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Solitary, reared from Mnasitheus Janzen55, Anthoptusepictetus, Anthoptusinsignis, Anthoptus Burns33, Corticeacorticea, Cymaenesodiliatrebius. DNA: BINBOLD:AAB8584 (partially)]	Alphomelonguillermopereirai Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
–	Tarsal claws with two spines; T2 smooth or weakly sculptured mostly near margins; hypopygium entirely to mostly dark brown to black (Figs 11A, 18A)	9
9(8)	Metasomal terga brown (Figs 11F, G); T2 smooth; T1 smooth and with petiolar ridge comparatively shorter, ~ 0.3 tergite length; fore wing vein 2RS very close to vein 2M (Fig. 11C), giving the impression that a small areolet (= second submarginal cell) is present, although the posterior end of that supposed areolet (which would correspond to veins r-m and/or 3RS) is not defined [Distribution: Brazil]	Alphomelonbrasiliensis Shimabukuro & Penteado-Dias, 2003
–	Metasomal terga dark brown to black but usually with yellow markings on T3 (Fig. 18D); T2 mostly rugulose (rarely mostly smooth); T1 sculptured and with petiolar ridge comparatively longer, > 0.5 tergite length; fore wing vein 2RS not as close to vein 2M (Fig. 20C), therefore no small areolet (= second submarginal cell) is apparent [Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela. DNA: Partial barcodes]	Alphomeloncitroloma Deans, 2003
10(4)	Exserted portion of ovipositor sheaths shorter than first segment of metatarsus (Figs 9A, 13A, 14A, 44A, 45A, E)	11
–	Exserted portion of ovipositor sheaths as long or longer than first segment of metatarsus (e.g., Figs 16A, 29A, 30A, 33A, 46A, 50A, 61A, 65B, 73A, 84A, 90A)	14
11(10)	T2 comparatively narrow, ca. same width than T1 width (Fig. 45E); T2 subquadrate (its width at posterior margin just < 2.50× its central length, and T2 width posterior margin < 1.20× T2 width at anterior margin); white patch on gena not extending to clypeus (although clypeus has two small pale brown spots) (Fig. 45B); hind wing with vein cu-a more or less straight; tarsal claws with three or four spines (not clearly visible in examined specimens) [Distribution: Brazil, Costa Rica. Biology: Gregarious, reared from Ebususebusus. DNA: BINBOLD:ACJ4259]	Alphomelonluciarosae Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
–	T2 comparatively broad, clearly broader than T1 width (Figs 8D, 12E, 13E, 14C); T2 transverse (its width at posterior margin just > 3.00× its central length, and T2 width posterior margin > 1.20× T2 width at anterior margin); white patch on gena usually extending to clypeus (Figs 8B, 9B, 12B, 44B); hind wing with vein cu-a strongly curved towards body; tarsal claws with four spines	12
12(11)	Face black; antennae dark brown; ovipositor < 0.50× length of first segment of metatarsus; ovipositor sheaths expanded apically (Fig. 8A) [Distribution: Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru]	Alphomelonbrachymacher Deans, 2003
–	Face either with pale brown spot centrally or mostly brown with some yellow spots laterally; antennae pale brown; ovipositor longer than 0.50× length of first segment of metatarsus; ovipositor sheaths not expanded apically	13
13(12)	Comparatively slightly darker-colored species, face usually mostly black with only central spot brown (Fig. 13B), T2 usually black to dark brown, anteromesoscutum entirely black (Fig. 13E); T2 more transverse (its width at posterior margin > 3.00× its central length) [Distribution: Costa Rica, Mexico. Biology: Gregarious, reared from Neoxeniadesluda. DNA: BINBOLD:AAB5598]	Alphomelonbromeliphile Deans, 2003
–	Comparatively slightly paler-colored species, face mostly brown with some yellow spots laterally (Fig. 44B), T2 mostly reddish-brown to yellow-brown (Fig. 44F), anteromesoscutum with posterior margins reddish-brown; T2 less transverse (its width at posterior margin < 3.00× its central length) [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Gregarious, reared from Neoxeniadespluviasilva and Neoxeniades Burns03. DNA: BINBOLD:ABU7420]	Alphomelonkeineraragoni Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
14(10)	Hind legs mostly dark (Figs 42E, 46A, 48A, 49A, 61A, 72A, 73A, 90A), with metacoxa and metafemur black, dark brown or dark reddish-brown; metatibia usually with anterior 0.1–0.2 white but rest mostly dark orange, dark brown or black, if exceptionally metatibia mostly orange, then metafemur entirely dark; body size comparatively large, usually > 4.0 mm (and up to 5.2 mm), very rarely smaller	15
–	Hind leg coloration variable but metafemur never entirely dark and metatibia mostly pale colored (orange-yellow or yellow, with at most dark spot on posterior 0.1–0.2); body size variable but rarely > 4.0 mm	20
15(14)	Metatibia almost entirely orange-yellow, with only posterior 0.1 brown (Fig. 90A); smaller size, with body length and fore wing length 3.60–3.70 mm [Distribution: Ecuador]	Alphomelonyanayacu Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
–	Metatibia entirely to mostly dark (dark orange, dark brown or black); bigger size, almost always > 4.0 mm, usually more	16
16(15)	Size comparatively larger, body length and fore wing at least 4.70 mm (4.70–5.20 mm); and tarsal claws with 3 or 4 spines; and ovipositor sheaths significantly longer (1.30–1.40×) than length of first segment of metatarsus; and tegula yellow and humeral complex brown (rarely both tegula and humeral complex brown) [Distribution: Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, Venezuela. DNA: BINBOLD:AAB8584 (partially)]	Alphomelonmelanoscelis Deans, 2003
–	Size comparatively smaller, body length and fore wing usually 4.20 mm or less (3.60–4.40 mm); either with tarsal claws with fewer than three spines; and/or ovipositor sheaths < 1.20× length of first segment of metatarsus; and/or tegula yellow and humeral complex of different coloration than above	17
17(16)	T2 smooth (Figs 46F, 60D, 61E, F)	18
–	T2 entirely to partially sculptured (Figs 42F, 72E, 73D)	19
18(17)	First three laterotergites and sternites paler colored (yellow or white-yellow) (Figs 60A, 61A, C); ovipositor sheaths ca. same length than first segment of metatarsus; pterostigma comparatively less elongate (i.e., its length ≤ 2.50× its central height) and usually more rounded (i.e., at least one of its lower margins is curved); tarsal claws with 3 or 4 spines; paler colored species with metatibia usually mostly orange-brown (only posterior 0.2 dark brown), humeral complex yellow, and coxae brown [Distribution: Brazil, Colombia. DNA barcoding: Partial sequence]	Alphomelonparamelanoscelis Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
–	All laterotergites brown to dark brown (Fig. 46A); ovipositor sheaths longer (1.30–1.50×) than first segment of metatarsus; pterostigma comparatively more elongate (i.e., its length ≥ 3.00× its central height) and more triangular-shaped (i.e., its two lower margins more or less straight); tarsal claws with two spines; darker colored species with metatibia mostly dark brown to black, humeral complex brown, and all coxae dark brown to black [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Solitary, reared from Corticealysias, Cymaenesodiliatrebius, Parphorusdecora, and P.storax. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:ABX0806]	Alphomelonmanuelriosi Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
19(17)	T2 strongly sculptured (Figs 72E, 73D), pterostigma comparatively less elongate (i.e., its length ≤ 2.50× its central height) and usually more rounded (i.e., at least one of its lower margins is curved) (Figs 72B, 73C); tarsal claws with three spines; ovipositor sheaths 1.10× as long as first segment of metatarsus [Distribution: Belize, Venezuela. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAB8584 (partially)]	Alphomelonrigoi Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
–	T2 only partially and much less strongly sculptured (Fig. 42F); pterostigma comparatively more elongate (i.e., its length ≥ 3.00× its central height) and more triangular-shaped (i.e., its two lower margins more or less straight) (Fig. 42D); tarsal claws with 1 or 2 spines; ovipositor sheaths 1.20–1.30× as long as first segment of metatarsus [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Gregarious, reared from Verticasubrufescens. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAB6733]	Alphomelonjosecortesi Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
20(14)	White patch on gena neither extending onto clypeus nor onto occiput (90%), if extending to occiput then anteromesoscutum and head strongly punctate; tarsal claws with one spine; hind wing with vein cu-a angled posteriorly towards body	21
–	White patch on gena extending onto occiput and often onto clypeus (75%); tarsal claws variable; hind wing with vein cu-a variable	22
21(20)	Wings usually infumated (Fig. 65D); head, anteromesoscutum, and scutellar disc weakly punctate; posterior 0.2 of metatibia black (Figs 65B, I); labrum black [Distribution: Argentina, Chile]	Alphomelonpaurogenum Deans, 2003
–	Wings hyaline (Fig. 83C); head, anteromesoscutum and scutellar disc strongly punctate; metatibia entirely orange (Figs 83B, 85A); labrum yellow [Distribution: Canada, Mexico, United States. Biology: Solitary, reared from Euphyes spp. DNA barcoding: Partial barcodes]	Alphomelonwinniewertzae Deans, 2003
22(20)	Tarsal claws simple (without spines) or with only one spine	23
–	Tarsal claws with 2–4 spines	30
23(22)	Pterostigma comparatively less elongate (i.e., its length ≤ 2.50× its central height) and usually more rounded (i.e., at least one of its lower margins is curved); hind wing with vein cu-a angled posteriorly towards body (Figs 27C, 28C, 29B, 33C); tegula yellow, humeral complex at least partially brown (often, although not always) (Fig. 27F); fore wing venation mostly brown	24
–	Pterostigma comparatively more elongate (i.e., its length ≥ 3.00× its central height) and more triangular-shaped (i.e., its two lower margins more or less straight) (Figs 4C, 5C, 6D, 7A); hind wing with vein cu-a usually straight or at most slightly curved or angled posteriorly towards body; usually (but not always) tegula paler than humeral complex (i.e., tegulae whitish and humeral complex yellow, or tegula pale yellow and humeral complex pale brown); coloration of fore wing venation variable	25
24(23)	Metafemur mostly orange-yellow but with posterior 0.2–0.5 brown (Figs 27A, 28A, 29A); T2 from smooth to slightly rugulose (Figs 27D, 28D, 29E) [Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Grenada, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru*, Puerto Rico, Saint Vincent, Trinidad & Tobago, United States, Venezuela. Biology: Solitary, reared from Lerema spp. and Cymaenestrebius. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAF3301]	Alphomelondisputabile (Ashmead, 1900)
–	Metafemur almost entirely orange-yellow with only posterior 0.1 or less with brown spot (Fig. 33A, D); T2 rather strongly sculptured with striae (Fig. 33D) [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Solitary, reared from Cymaenesodiliatrebius and Morysmicythus. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAE5720]	Alphomelongloriasihezarae Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
25(23)	Fore wing venation mostly brown to dark brown; T2 entirely or mostly smooth (Figs 4F, 5E, 6F, 17F, 17G)	26
–	Fore wing venation paler with at least veins M+CU, 1CU, 1M, (RS+M) a yellow-white or pale yellow-brown (Figs 2C, 16C, 32C, 76C); T2 entirely sculptured (Figs 2D, 16D, 76B)	27
26(25)	T1 mostly rugulose on posterior 0.5 (Figs 4F, 5E, 6F); hind wing with vein cu-a straight [Distribution: Brazil, Costa Rica; Biology: Gregarious, reared from Carystoidesbasoches and Synalecynaxa. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAB1086]	Alphomelonarecaphile Deans, 2003
–	T1 mostly smooth (Fig. 17F, G); hind wing with vein cu-a curved [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Gregarious, reared from Aidesbrino, Carystinaaurifer and Dubiellabelpa. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAB0787]	Alphomelonchristerhanssoni Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
27(25)	Tegula yellow and humeral complex brown; metafemur with dark spot on posterior 0.25 (Fig. 2A); metatibia with dark spot on posterior 0.2; metatibia spines white-yellow; metatarsus almost entirely dark brown (except for anterior 0.3 of first metatarsus segment orange) [Distribution: Colombia]	Alphomelonamazonas Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
–	Tegula whitish, humeral complex yellow; metafemur with dark spot on posterior 0.10–0.15; metatibia orange, without any dark spot posteriorly; metatibia spines orange, same color as metatibia; metatarsus either entirely orange or mostly pale brown but with first segment orange on anterior 0.6–0.7 and last segment entirely yellow-orange	28
28(27)	T1 parallel-sided and around 2.00× as long as wide on posterior margin (Fig. 16D, E); ovipositor sheaths comparatively longer, 0.75× metatibia length (Fig. 16A); metatarsus mostly light brown but with first segment orange on anterior 0.6–0.7 and last segment entirely yellow-orange (Fig. 16A) [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Solitary, reared from Carystoidesescalantei. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:ACE5969]	Alphomeloncarolinacanoae Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
–	T1 broadening towards posterior margin, < 1.50× as long as wide on posterior margin; ovipositor sheaths comparatively shorter, around half metatibia length; metatarsus entirely orange	29
29(28)	T1 mostly to entirely smooth (although with strongly defined petiolar ridge); ovipositor sheaths comparatively shorter, 0.50× metatibia length and ca. same length (1.03×) than first segment of metatarsus (Fig. 32A); slightly smaller size, body length 3.9 mm, fore wing length 3.9 mm [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Solitary, reared from Nisoniadescastolus. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAC7653]	Alphomeloneliethcantillanoae Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
–	T1 coarsely sculptured on posterior 0.3–0.5 (in addition to strongly defined petiolar ridge); ovipositor sheaths comparatively longer, > 0.60× metatibia length and much longer (1.30–1.40×) than first segment of metatarsus (Fig. 76A); slightly larger size, body length almost always > 4.0 mm, fore wing length almost always > 4.1 mm [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Solitary, reared from Calpodesethlius, Enosisangularis, Pericharesadela and Trombaxanthura. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAD2561]	Alphomelonsergioriosi Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
30(22)	Tegula black to dark brown; T1 with central ridge strongly bifurcating at posterior end, its arms comparatively widely separated [Distribution: Brazil, Costa Rica, Venezuela. Biology: Gregarious, reared from unidentified hesperiid on Cannaceae and Poaceae]	Alphomelonconforme (Muesebeck, 1958)
–	Tegula pale colored (translucent or yellow); T1 with central ridge not strongly bifurcating at posterior end, its arms comparatively narrowly separated	31
31(30)	T1 strongly costate centrally (Figs 3C, E, 69B, D, E, 75F); T2 rugose, raised medially	32
–	T1 not strongly costate; T2 rugulose or nitid	34
32(31)	Flagellomeres black; tegula yellow (Fig. 3D); mesopleuron mostly smooth (at most with shallow and sparse punctures on anterior half); tarsal claws with three spines; males with pterostigma centrally white with brown margins and entire metasoma black [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Solitary, reared from Anthoptusepictetus, A.insignis, Anthoptus Burns33, Congachydaea, Corticeacorticea, Cymaenesodiliatrebius, Cymaenes Burns01, Cyneairma, Justinianorda, Morys lydeDHJ02, Nycteliusnyctelius, Parphorusdecora, Psoralis Janzen38, Synaptesalenus, Vehiliusvetula and Vettiusaurelius. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:ADJ6568]	Alphomelonandydeansi Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
–	Flagellomeres brown to dark brown; tegula usually brown; mesopleuron mostly rugose or with deep punctures; tarsal claws with two spines; males (only known for A.rhyssocercus) with pterostigma entirely brown and T2 and T3 orange-brown	33
33(32)	White patch on gena extending to occiput and onto clypeus (sometimes clypeus yellow laterally, with only central third brown-black) (Fig. 68B); T2 and T3 brown to pale brown, T4+ brown (Fig. 69D); pro- and mesocoxae reddish-brown, metacoxa reddish brown to dark brown (Fig. 69A); mesopleuron with deep punctures [Distribution: Argentina, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela]	Alphomelonrhyssocercus Deans, 2003
–	White patch on gena not extending to occiput or clypeus (clypeus entirely black) (Fig. 75B); entire metasoma dorsally black (Fig. 75F); coxae black (Fig. 75A, E); mesopleuron rugose [Distribution: Brazil]	Alphomelonrugosus Shimabukuro & Penteado-Dias, 2003
34(31)	T1 with central ridge present (Figs 1E, 25C, 38D, 58E, 71E, 74D, E, 80D, 82F)	35
–	T1 only with inconspicuous depression centrally (Figs 26E, F, 52E, 54E, 55G)	44
35(34)	Pterostigma comparatively more elongate (i.e., its length ≥ 3.00× its central height) and more triangular-shaped (i.e., its two lower margins more or less straight) (Figs 1C, 25A, 70B)	36
–	Pterostigma comparatively less elongate (i.e., its length ≤ 2.50× its central height) and usually more rounded (i.e., at least one of its lower margins is curved) (Figs 40C, 52C, 80D, 82D)	41
36(35)1	Metafemur darker, with posterior 0.5 dark brown (Fig. 74A) [Distribution: Brazil, Costa Rica. Biology: Solitary, reared from Tigasissimplex and Vettiusaurelius. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:ACB1223]	Alphomelonrostermoragai Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
–	Metafemur paler, with only posterior 0.1–0.2 dark brown	37
37(36)	T1 comparatively much broader posteriorly than anteriorly (posterior margin 1.50× as long as anterior margin, T1 median length 1.15× its maximum width) (Fig. 25E); and tegula and humeral complex yellow (Fig. 25B) [Distribution: Brazil]	Alphomeloncruzi Shimbori & Fernandez-Triana, sp. nov.
–	T1 comparatively much less broad posteriorly (posterior margin < 1.30× as long as anterior margin, T1 median length 1.30–1.60× its maximum width); and tegula different color than humeral complex, if tegula and humeral complex yellow then T1 median length at least 1.50× its maximum width	38
38(37)	T1 comparatively slightly wider (its median length 1.30–1.40× its maximum width); tegula different color than humeral complex (Figs 1E, 58E)	39
–	T1 comparatively slightly narrower (its median length 1.50–1.60× its maximum width); tegula and humeral complex yellow (Figs 38D, 71E)	40
39(38)	Tegula white-yellow, paler colored than humeral complex (which is dark yellow to yellow-brown) (Fig. 58E); all coxae black (Fig. 58A) [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Solitary, reared from Enosisimmaculata, Eutychideochus, Niconiadesgladys, N.incomptus, Oxynthescorusca, Parphorusdecora, Vettiuspica and an unidentified hesperiid with provisional name “hespJanzen01 Janzen60”. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAJ2207]	Alphomelonosvaldoespinozai Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
–	Tegula pale brown, darker than yellow humeral complex (Fig. 1E); coxae usually reddish brown [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology. Gregarious, reared from Niconiadesincomptus and Parphorusdecora. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAR3562]	Alphomelonadrianguadamuzi Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
40(38)	Tarsal claws with 2 or 3 very small spines which are difficult to see [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Gregarious, reared from Cyneacynea, C.megalops and C. Burns06. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAB7535]	Alphomelonricardocaleroi Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
–	Tarsal claws with 3 or 4 spines which are clearly visible [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Gregarious, reared from Calpodesfusta, C.severus, Cyneaanthracinus, C.cynea, C.irma, C.megalops, C. Burns02, C. Burns04, C. Burns05, C. Burns06, C. Burns11, Rhinthonmolion, and R.osca. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAA6775]	Alphomelonhazelcambroneroae Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
41(35)	Ovipositor width 0.3 width of first segment of metatarsus; hind wing with vein cu-a strongly angled at midpoint towards body [Distribution: Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela. Biology: Gregarious, reared from Talidessergestus, T.sinois, T. Burns01, T. Burns02, T. Burns03, T. Burns04 and Thracidesphidon. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAA7259]	Alphomelontalidicida (Wilkinson, 1931)
–	Ovipositor width 0.5 width of first segment of metatarsus; hind wing with vein cu-a slightly angled around median section (of vein)	42
42(41)	Metafemur entirely yellow (Figs 40A, 41A); laterotergites dark brown; procoxa pale brown to yellow, metacoxa usually with ventro-apical yellow spot (very small to covering most of coxa) [Distribution: Brazil]	Alphomelonitatiaiensis Shimbori & Fernandez-Triana, sp. nov.
–	Metafemur with dark brown spot on posterior 0.1–0.25 and/or first laterotergites yellow; all coxae dark brown	43
43(42)	Tarsal claws with two spines; first three laterotergites yellow (Fig. 15A); posterior 0.1 of T3 pale yellow-brown, rest of T3 dark brown (Fig. 15F); metafemur with dark brown spot on posterior 0.1; tegula and humeral complex same yellow color (Fig. 15E); pterostigma slightly more elongated (3.00× as long as its maximum height) [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Solitary, reared from Vettiusaurelius. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:ADA5721]	Alphomeloncalixtomoragai Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
–	Tarsal claws with one spine; all laterotergites dark brown (Fig. 66A); T3 entirely dark brown (Fig. 66D); metafemur with dark brown spot on posterior 0.25 (Fig. 66A); tegula white, paler than yellow humeral complex (Fig. 66E); pterostigma slightly less elongated (2.80× as long as its maximum height) [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Solitary, reared from Anthoptusepictetus, CongachydaeaLeremaliris, Moryslyde, M.micythus, Vehiliusvetula, and Vehilius Janzen03. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:ADA7564]	Alphomelonpetronariosae Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
44(34)	Metafemur entirely orange-yellow; metasoma dorsally entirely dark brown (Fig. 59A, E) [Distribution: Brazil]	Alphomelonpalomae Shimbori & Fernandez-Triana, sp. nov.
–	Metafemur with dark brown to black spot on posterior 0.1 (spot usually larger) (Figs 26E, 56A); metasoma often with T2 and/or T3 partially paler (pale brown, pale reddish brown, yellow-brown) (Figs 30D, 52E, 53E, 56B)	45
45(44)	White patch on gena usually not extending onto clypeus (Figs 26A, 30B); T1 mostly nitid with petiolar ridge represented by slight depression (Figs 26E, F, 30D); usually hind wing vein cu-a evenly curved towards body and tarsal claws with two spines and ovipositor width 0.5 width of first segment of metatarsus (if hind wing with vein cu-a strongly curved medially and tarsal claws with three spines and ovipositor width 0.3 width of first segment of metatarsus, then body size smaller, ~ 2.7 mm)	46
–	White patch on gena extending onto lateral portions of clypeus; T1 at least somewhat rugulose, slightly punctate and with central ridge represented by raised bump with slight depression; usually hind with wing vein cu-a sharply angled at midpoint and tarsal claws with 3 or 4 spines and ovipositor width 0.3 width of first segment of metatarsus (if hind wing vein cu-a evenly curved towards body and/or tarsal claws with two spines then body size larger, 3.0–4.0 mm)	48
46(45)	Metafemur brown on posterior 0.5 (Fig. 26C, D); tarsal claws with three spines; ovipositor width 0.3 width of first segment of metatarsus; hind wing with vein cu-a strongly curved medially [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Gregarious, reared from Niconiadesincomptus. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAE2209]	Alphomelondiniamartinezae Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
–	Metafemur brown on posterior 0.1–0.2 (Figs 30A, 52A, 53A, 54A); tarsal claws with two spines; ovipositor width 0.5 width of first segment of metatarsus; hind wing with vein cu-a evenly curved towards body	47
47(46)	Body size slightly larger (3.3–3.4 mm); T2 paler (orange-yellow or pale reddish-brown) and contrasting with rest of tergites (mostly dark brown to black) (Fig. 30D) [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Gregarious, reared from Methionopsisina. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAB4029]	Alphomelonduvalierbricenoi Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
–	Body size slightly smaller (<3.0 mm); T2 (pale brown to rarely orange-yellow) usually less contrasting or not contrasting at all with rest of tergites (mostly brown to pale brown or rarely orange-brown) (variation shown in Figs 52E, 53E, 54E, 55F, 56B) [Distribution: Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Trinidad & Tobago. Biology: Gregarious, reared from Carystoidesbasoches, C.escalantei, C.hondura, C.orbius, Carystoides Burns01, and Cobalopsis sp. (questionable). DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAB9792]	Alphomelonnanosoma Deans, 2003
48(45)	Tegula and humeral complex comparatively paler (white-yellow) (Fig. 51C, F); metafemur with comparatively very small dark spot on posterior 0.1 or less (Fig. 51A); fore wing with many veins pale (yellow-brown to yellow-white), including veins M+CU, 1M, (RS+M)a, (RS+M)b and R1 (Fig. 51C); hind wing with vein cu-a curved medially; T2 comparatively narrower when compared with T1 (T2 width at posterior margin < 1.5× T1 width at posterior margin) [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Gregarious, reared from Parphorusdecora, Quasimellanaservilius and Quasimellana Burns01. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAJ2210]	Alphomelonmikesharkeyi Fernandez-Triana & Shimbori, sp. nov.
–	Tegula and humeral complex comparatively darker (yellow) (Figs 87F, 89A); metafemur with comparatively larger dark spot on posterior 0.3 (Figs 86A, 87A, 88A, 89C); fore wing with most veins dark (dark brown to pale brown) (Figs 86D, 87D, 88D, 89A); hind wing with vein cu-a usually sharply angled at midpoint towards body; T2 comparatively wider when compared with T1 (T2 width at posterior margin > 1.5× T1 width at posterior margin) [Distribution: Costa Rica. Biology: Gregarious, reared from Calpodesesperi, C.ethlius, C.fusta, C.severus, Cobalopsisnero, Cyneairma, Cymaenesodiliatrebius, C.trebius, C. Burns01, Joannajoanna, Justinianorda, Moryslyde, M.micythus, M.valeriusvalda, M. lydeDHJ01, M. lydeDHJ02, Parphorusdecora, Quintacannae, Rhinthonmolion, R.osca, Synaptesalenus, S.silius, Vettiusaurelius. DNA barcoding: BINBOLD:AAA1634]	Alphomelonxestopyga Deans, 2003