. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 24.

Published in final edited form as: Eur Radiol. 2022 Aug 11;33(1):595–605. doi: 10.1007/s00330-022-09035-4

Table 2.

Differences in MRI biomarkers of thigh muscles in PS-matched KOA patients with versus without DM over 4-year follow-up

	Average difference/year (95% CI), p
	CSA (mm²)	Intra-MAT CSA (mm²)	Contractile %

Total thigh muscles	−24.10 (−59.20–10.99), p: 0.179	15.42 (6.41–24.44), p < 0.001 ^*	−0.16 (−0.25 to −0.07), p < 0.001 ^*
Quadriceps	−13.99 (−34.36–6.37),p: 0.178	9.71 (3.80–15.61), p: 0.001 ^*	−0.21 (−0.33 to −0.08), p: 0.001 ^*
Flexors	−4.17 (−16.42–8.08), p: 0.505	5.07 (0.13–10.01), p: 0.044	−0.15 (−0.29 to −0.02), p: 0.028
Adductors	−0.55 (−13.05–11.94), p: 0.931	1.70 (−0.37–3.76),p: 0.107	−0.13 (−0.30–0.04), p: 0.126
Sartorius	−5.35 (−7.89 to −2.80), p < 0.001 ^*	−0.53 (−1.55–0.48),p: 0.302	0.05 (−0.16–0.26), p: 0.641
Inter-muscular tissue	−9.70 (−18.47 to −0.93), p: 0.030	–	–

Longitudinal mixed-effect regressions were used. CI confidence interval, CSA cross-sectional area, DM diabetes mellitus, intra-MAT intra-muscular adipose tissue

Significant FDR-corrected p values