TABLE 2.
The composition of botanical drugs in each HM.
| Name of HM (type of formula, N. of botanical drugs) | Source | Extraction process | Composition of HMs (g/day) | Quality control report | Chemical analysis report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Herbal Medicines + DMARDs | |||||
| Gulong capsule (GL, Capsule, NR) | Shandong Dong-e E-Jiao pharmaceutical | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Hanbikang decoction* (HBK, Decoction, 9) | Ruikang Hospital Affiliated with Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine | Partially reported b | Gentiana macrophylla Pall. [Gentianaceae; Gentianae Macrophyllae R.] (15), Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae; Astragali R.] (15), Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson [Menispermaceae; Sinomenii Caulis et Rh.] (15), Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Schischk. [Apiaceae; Saposhnikoviae R.] (10), Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux [Ranunculaceae; Aconiti Lateralis R. Preparata] (10), Ephedra sinica Stapf [Ephedraceae; Ephedrae H.] (10), Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels [Apiaceae; Angelica sinensis R.] (10), Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. [Berberidaceae; Epimedii H.] (20), Cibotium barometz (L.) J.Sm. [Cyatheaceae; Cibotii Rh.] (20) | NR | NR |
| Unnamed HM (Decoction, 9) | Yangchun Hospital of TCM | Partially reported b | Cibotium barometz (L.) J.Sm. [Cyatheaceae; Cibotii Rh.] (20), Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. [Berberidaceae; Epimedii H.] (20), Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae; Astragali R.] (15), Gentiana macrophylla Pall. [Gentianaceae; Gentianae Macrophyllae R.] (15), Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson [Menispermaceae; Sinomenii Caulis et Rh.] (15), Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux [Ranunculaceae; Aconiti Lateralis R. Preparata] (10), Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels [Apiaceae; Angelica sinensis R.] (10), Ephedra sinica Stapf [Ephedraceae; Ephedrae H.] (10) | NR | NR |
| Hanbikang decoction* (HBK, Decoction, 9) | Peili (Nanning) pharmaceutical (Shu, 2017) Guangdong Yifang pharmaceutical (Quan et al., 2020) |
Partially reported c | Gentiana macrophylla Pall. [Gentianaceae; Gentianae Macrophyllae R.] (10), Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson [Menispermaceae; Sinomenii Caulis et Rh.] (15), Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Schischk. [Apiaceae; Saposhnikoviae R.] (10), Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux [Ranunculaceae; Aconiti Lateralis R. Preparata] (10), Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. [Berberidaceae; Epimedii H.] (15), Cibotium barometz (L.) J.Sm. [Cyatheaceae; Cibotii Rh.] (10), Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae; Astragali R.] (10), Ephedra sinica Stapf [Ephedraceae; Ephedrae H.] (10), Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels [Apiaceae; Angelica sinensis R.] (10) | NR | NR |
| Buxuerongjin decoction (BXRJ, Decoction, 13) | Ruikang Hospital Affiliated with Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine | Partially reported b | Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. [Orobanchaceae; Rehmanniae R. Preparata] (10), Cistanche deserticola Ma [Orobanchaceae; Cistanchis H.] (15), Gentiana macrophylla Pall. [Gentianaceae; Gentianae Macrophyllae R.] (10), Cuscuta chinensis Lam. [Convolvulaceae; Cuscutae S.] (15), Achyranthes bidentata Blume [Amaranthaceae; Achyranthis R.] (12), Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. [Eucommiaceae; Eucommiae C.] (10), Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser [Loranthaceae; Taxilli Ra.] (15), Cibotium barometz (L.) J.Sm. [Cyatheaceae; Cibotii Rh.] (8), Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai [Rosaceae; Chaenomelis F.] (10), Angelica biserrata (R.H.Shan & C.Q.Yuan) C.Q.Yuan & R.H.Shan [Apiaceae; Angelicae Pubescentis R.] (15), Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Schischk. [Apiaceae; Saposhnikoviae R.] (10), Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. [Araliaceae; Ginseng R.] (10), Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels [Apiaceae; Angelica sinensis R.] (15) | NR | NR |
| Xianlinggubao capsule (XLGB, Capsule, 6) | Sinopharm Group Tongjitang (Guizhou) pharmaceutical | NR | Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. [Berberidaceae; Epimedii H.], Dipsacus asper Wall. ex DC. [Caprifoliaceae; Dipsaci R.], Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge [Lamiaceae; Salviae Miltiorrhizae R.], Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge [Asparagaceae; Anemarrhenae Rh.], Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik. [Fabaceae; Psoraleae S.], Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. [Orobanchaceae; Rehmanniae R.] (NR) | NR | NR |
| Guweian-tang (GWA, Decoction, 18) | Ruikang Hospital Affiliated with Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine | Partially reported c | Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae; Astragali R.], Poria cocos Wolf [Polyporaceae; Poria Sclerotium], Dioscorea oppositifolia L. [Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreae Rh.], Cuscuta chinensis Lam. [Convolvulaceae; Cuscutae S.], Polygonatum sibiricum Redouté [Asparagaceae; Polygonati Rh.], Morus alba L. [Moraceae; Mori F.], Hornes of Cervus nippon Temminck [Cervidae; Cervi Cornus Colla], Placenta of Homo sapiens L. [Hominidae; Hominis Placenta], Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. [Berberidaceae; Epimedii H.], Cibotium barometz (L.) J.Sm. [Cyatheaceae; Cibotii Rh.], Cistanche deserticola Ma [Orobanchaceae; Cistanchis H.], Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik. [Fabaceae; Psoraleae S.], Achyranthes bidentata Blume [Amaranthaceae; Achyranthis R.], Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. [Eucommiaceae; Eucommiae C.], Spatholobus suberectus Dunn [Fabaceae; Spatholobi Caulis], Carthamus tinctorius L. [Asteraceae; Carthami Fl.] (NR) | NR | NR |
| Guizhifuzi decoction (GZFZ, Decoction, 11) | Baoji Central Hospital | Partially reported a | Neolitsea cassia (L.) Kosterm. [Lauraceae; Cinnamomi Ra.] (20), Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux [Ranunculaceae; Aconiti Lateralis R. Preparata] (30), Paeonia lactiflora Pall. [Paeoniaceae; Paeoniae R. Rubra] (15), Ziziphus jujuba Mill. [Rhamnaceae; Zizyphi F.] (15), Impatiens balsamina L. [Balsaminaceae; Impatientis S.] (15), Achyranthes bidentata Blume [Amaranthaceae; Achyranthis R.] (20), Dried body of Zaocys dhumnades Cantor [Colubridae; Zaocys] (20), Boswellia sacra Flück. [Burseraceae; Olibanum] (15), Commiphora myrrha (T.Nees) Engl. [Burseraceae; Myrrha] (15), Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels [Apiaceae; Angelica sinensis R.] (20), Spatholobus suberectus Dunn [Fabaceae; Spatholobi Caulis] (30) | NR | NR |
| Gulaoyukang pills (GLYKP, pill, NR) | Gansu Food & Drug Administration | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Bushentongluo recipe (BSTL, Decoction, 11) | Yingxian Hospital of TCM | Partially reported b | Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. [Berberidaceae; Epimedii H.] (20), Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik. [Fabaceae; Psoraleae S.] (15), Drynaria roosii Nakaike [Polypodiaceae; Drynariae Rh.] (15), Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. [Orobanchaceae; Rehmanniae R. Preparata] (12), Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc. [Cornaceae; Corni F.] (12), Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge [Lamiaceae; Salviae Miltiorrhizae R.] (10), Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. [Eucommiaceae; Eucommiae C.] (10), Spatholobus suberectus Dunn [Fabaceae; Spatholobi Caulis] (10), Dipsacus asper Wall. ex DC. [Caprifoliaceae; Dipsaci R.] (10), Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels [Apiaceae; Angelica sinensis R.] (10), Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. [Fabaceae; Glycyrrhizae R. et Rh.] (5) | NR | NR |
| Bushenkangfengshi recipe (BSKFS, Decoction, 9) | Jiaozuo No.2 People’s Hospital | Partially reported a | Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. [Berberidaceae; Epimedii H.] (20), Cibotium barometz (L.) J.Sm. [Cyatheaceae; Cibotii Rh.] (20), Gentiana macrophylla Pall. [Gentianaceae; Gentianae Macrophyllae R.] (15), Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae; Astragali R.] (15), Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson [Menispermaceae; Sinomenii Caulis et Rh.] (15), Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Schischk. [Apiaceae; Saposhnikoviae R.] (10), Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux [Ranunculaceae; Aconiti Lateralis R. Preparata] (10), Ephedra sinica Stapf [Ephedraceae; Ephedrae H.] (10), Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels [Apiaceae; Angelica sinensis R.] (10) | NR | NR |
| Biqufeng drink (BGF, Decoction, 10) | The Affiliated Wenzhou Hospital of TCM of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University | Partially reported b | Cyathula officinalis K.C.Kuan [Amaranthaceae; Cyathulae R.] (12), Dioscorea collettii var. Hypoglauca (Palib.) S.J.Pei & C.T.Ting [Dioscoreaceae; Tokoro Rh.] (35), Paeonia lactiflora Pall. [Paeoniaceae; Paeoniae R. Rubra] (12), Smilax glabra Roxb. [Smilacaceae; Smilacis Rh.] (20), Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi [Fabaceae; Phaseoli Angularis S.] (12), Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen (Rom.Caill.) Stapf [Poaceae; Coicis S.] (20), Body of Pericaeta communisma Gate et Hatai [Lumbricidae; Lumbricus] (15), Lonicera japonica Thunb. [Caprifoliaceae; Lonicerae Caulis] (20), Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. [Asteraceae; Taraxaci H.] (15), Plantago asiatica L. [Plantaginaceae; Plantaginis H.] (15) | NR | NR |
| Qianggu capsule (QG, Capsule, NR) | Beijing Qihuang pharmaceutical | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Herbal Medicines + BPs | |||||
| Jingu capsule (JG, Capsule, 12) | Guangdong Second TCM Hospital | Partially reported c | Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. [Orobanchaceae; Rehmanniae R. Preparata] (12), Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels [Apiaceae; Angelica sinensis R.] (12), Achyranthes bidentata Blume [Amaranthaceae; Achyranthis R.] (10), Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc. [Cornaceae; Corni F.] (12), Poria cocos Wolf [Polyporaceae; Poria Sclerotium] (12), Dipsacus asper Wall. ex DC. [Caprifoliaceae; Dipsaci R.] (12), Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. [Eucommiaceae; Eucommiae C.] (10), Paeonia lactiflora Pall. [Paeoniaceae; Paeoniae R. Alba] (10), Citrus × aurantium f. deliciosa (Ten.) M.Hiroe [Rutaceae; Citri Unshius Pericarpium Immaturus] (5), Eleutherococcus nodiflorus (Dunn) S.Y.Hu [Araliaceae; Acanthopanacis C.] (10), Hornes of Cervus nippon Temminck [Cervidae; Cervi Cornus Colla] (6), Pyritum (6) | NR | NR |
| Gushukang (GSK, NR, NR) | Shaowu Municipal Hospital | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Xianlinggubao (XLGB, NR, NR) | Shaowu Municipal Hospital | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Jintiange (JTG, NR, NR) | Shaowu Municipal Hospital | NR | NR | NR | NR |
BP: bisphosphonate, C: cortex, DMARDs: disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, F: fructus, Fl: flos, H: herba, HM: herbal medicine, N: number, NR: not reported, R.: radix.
Ra: ramulus, Rh: rhizoma, S: semen, TCM: traditional Chinese medicine.
*The composition of botanical drugs was the same; however, each dose was different.
a
Extraction temperature and time and amount of the provoked extract were reported but not the amount of the initial solvent.
b
Only the amount of provoked extract was reported.
c
Referred to simply as “boiling”.