Table 1.
Demographics, clinical, and imaging characteristics of orbital infarction case reports from 2010-2020
|
First
Author |
Age
(y) |
Sex |
SCD
Genotype |
Laterality |
Proptosis
±
Pain/ Tenderness |
Reduced
Motility |
Visual
Acuity Changes |
CT or MRI Orbit, Brain |
Stated Bone
Abnormality |
Initial
Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Alghamdi
(2018) |
12 | M | HbS-β thal | R | Proptosis, pain |
Superiorly | Diplopia 20/30 (R) |
Periorbital edema, R lateral wall mass (superior subperiosteal hematoma) (MRI) Abnormal bone marrow signals (orbital wall infarction) (MRI) |
Yes | Orbital infarction |
|
Al Somali
(2020) |
18 | M | HbSS | Bilateral (L > R) |
Absent | Absent | Absent | Bony infarctions and subperiosteal hematomas within bilateral frontoparietal regions Extraconal hematoma to superior lateral orbital wall with mass effect to lacrimal gland and L LR muscles |
Yes | Orbital infarction |
|
Alsuhaibani
(2011) |
11 | M | HbSS | R | Proptosis, pain, tenderness |
Superiorly Laterally |
Absent | R subperiosteal lateral orbital wall collection (CT) Greater sphenoidal wing marrow infarction with subperiosteal collection and ring enhancement (MRI) |
Yes | Orbital infarction (OCS) |
|
Edmunds
(2017) |
5 | M | HbSS | R | NS, pain | Absent | Absent | R superolateral orbital fluid collection (CT) | No | Orbital cellulitis |
|
Ghafouri
(2011) |
2 | M | HbSS | Bilateral | NS, absent | Mildly limited abduction bilaterally |
NS | Bilateral subperiosteal lateral orbital fluid collections causing deviation of LR muscles Non-enhancement of lateral orbital wall, sphenoid triangles, and clivus suggesting prior bone infarction (MRI) |
Yes | NS |
|
Helen
(2013) |
11 | F | HbSS | Bilateral (R > L) |
Proptosis, pain |
Complete immobility |
No light perception |
Bilateral proptosis, bullous retinal detachment, subretinal fluid collection (US) No orbital collection, mass, intracranial extension (CT) |
No | Orbital cellulitis |
|
Ilhan
(2014) |
15 | M | HbSS | Bilateral (R > L) |
NS | R reduced (direction NS) |
Absent | R orbital superolateral subperiosteal hematoma (CT) R frontal epidural hematoma (CT) |
No | Orbital infarction (OCS) |
|
Janssens
(2015) |
17 | M | HbSS | Bilateral (L > R) |
Proptosis (L), absent |
Absent | Absent | L periorbital edema (MRI) L orbital wall bone abnormalities extending to intra- orbital with L LR involvement (MRI) |
Yes | NS |
|
McBride
(2016) |
5 | M | NS | R | Proptosis (R), absent |
Superiorly | Diplopia 20/30 (R) 20/25 (L) |
R rim-enhancing superolateral orbital fluid collection displacing orbital contents (CT) Diffuse fat stranding in R eyelids extending into facial soft tissues (CT) |
No | Subperiosteal hemorrhagic effusion |
|
Schündeln
(2014) |
8 | M | HbSS | Bilateral | Proptosis, pain |
Laterally | No | Bilateral lateral orbital cavity hematoma with dislocation of bilateral LR (MRI) |
No | Orbital infarction (OCS) |
|
Sundu
(2017) |
14 | M | NS | Bilateral (L > R) |
Proptosis, pain |
Superiorly Laterally |
16/20 (L) | Calvarial frontal and parietal bone infarction (MRI) Bilateral subperiosteal orbital wall hematoma (MRI) |
Yes | Orbital infraction (OCS) |
|
Van de
Voorde (2019) |
19 | M | HbSS | L | Proptosis (L), absent |
Absent | Absent | L lateral orbital wall subperiosteal orbital hematoma (extraconal mass with high attenuation [CT], hypointense with fat suppression [T2], isointense with adjacent bone [T1]) L frontal bone subperiosteal hematoma (MRI) L frontal/L greater wing infarction (discrete edema [T2], asymmetric low-signal intensity [T1]) |
Yes | Orbital infarction |