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. 2023 Aug 10;13:1180888. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1180888

Table 2.

Summary of the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.

Recurrence-free survival
Unit Mean SD Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis
HR 95% CI p-Value HR 95% CI p-Value
Age at diagnosis years 66.4 11.46 1.016 0.99–1.03 0.073
BMI kg/m2 24.5 3.52 0.966 0.92–1.02 0.193
Cancer stage 1.646 1.23–2.21 0.001* 1.861 1.38–2.52 <0.001**
BCG IVI times 10.7 5.1 0.902 0.88–0.94 <0.001** 0.892 0.86–0.93 <0.001**
Radiation attenuation
SAT HU −114 106.2 0.998 0.99–0.99 0.001* 0.998 0.99–0.99 0.011*
VAT HU −95 11.0 0.998 0.98–1.02 0.827
MUSCLE HU 31.5 9.0 0.99 0.97–1.01 0.329
PARA HU 34.5 10.3 0.998 0.98–1.02 0.803
PSOAS HU 39.6 7.2 0.97 0.95–0.99 0.012* 0.978 0.96–1.00 0.053
Height adjustment index
SAT cm2/m2 44.7 19.6 0.997 0.99–1.01 0.482
VAT cm2/m2 53.4 26.4 1.001 0.99–1.01 0.742
MUSCLE cm2/m2 45.8 8.6 0.979 0.96–1.00 0.055
PARA cm2/m2 18.5 3.8 0.972 0.93–1.02 0.234
PSOAS cm2/m2 5.5 1.7 0.935 0.84–1.04 0.230
Progression-free survival
Unit Mean SD Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis
HR 95% CI p-Value Exp(B) 95% CI p-Value
Age at diagnosis years 66.4 11.46 1.012 0.99–1.03 0.306
BMI kg/m2 24.5 3.52 0.956 0.90–1.02 0.183
Cancer stage 1.961 1.36–2.85 <0.001** 2.269 1.55–3.33 0.001*
BCG IVI times 10.7 5.1 0.936 0.89–0.98 0.009* 0.918 0.87–0.97 <0.001**
Radiation attenuation
SAT HU −114 106.2 1 0.99–1.00 0.967
VAT HU −95 11.0 1.013 0.99–1.00 0.188
MUSCLE HU 31.5 9.0 0.995 0.97–1.02 0.701
PARA HU 34.5 10.3 1.001 0.98–1.03 0.904
PSOAS HU 39.6 7.2 0.976 0.95–1.01 0.129
Height adjustment index
SAT cm2/m2 44.7 19.6 0.995 0.98–1.01 0.427
VAT cm2/m2 53.4 26.4 0.994 0.99–1.00 0.228
MUSCLE cm2/m2 45.8 8.6 0.983 0.96–1.01 0.238
PARA cm2/m2 18.5 3.8 1.002 0.94–1.06 0.96
PSOAS cm2/m2 5.5 1.7 0.957 0.83–1.10 0.539
Overall survival
Unit Mean SD Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis
Exp(B) 95% CI p-Value Exp(B) 95% CI p-Value
Age at diagnosis years 66.4 11.46 1.056 1.04–1.08 <0.001** 1.044 1.02–1.07 <0.001**
BMI kg/m2 24.5 3.52 0.9 0.85–0.95 <0.001** 0.91 0.84–0.98 0.018*
Cancer stage 1.274 0.92–1.76 0.14
BCG IVI times 10.7 5.1 0.935 0.90–0.97 0.001* 0.949 0.91–0.99 0.025*
Radiation attenuation
SAT HU -114 106.2 1 0.99–1.00 0.968
VAT HU -95 11.0 1.016 0.99–1.03 0.062
MUSCLE HU 31.5 9.0 0.964 0.95–0.98 0.001* 1.001 0.92–1.09 0.988
PARA HU 34.5 10.3 0.971 0.96–0.99 <0.001** 1.016 0.96–1.07 0.582
PSOAS HU 39.6 7.2 0.952 0.93–0.98 <0.001** 0.948 0.90–0.99 0.044*
Height adjustment index
SAT cm2/m2 44.7 19.6 0.988 0.98–0.99 0.03* 1 0.99–1.02 0.981
VAT cm2/m2 53.4 26.4 0.998 0.99–1.01 0.632
MUSCLE cm2/m2 45.8 8.6 0.975 0.95–0.99 0.031* 1.016 0.98–1.06 0.434
PARA cm2/m2 18.5 3.8 0.958 0.91–1.01 0.09
PSOAS cm2/m2 5.5 1.7 0.883 0.78–0.99 0.04* 1.062 0.88–1.28 0.523

SD, standard deviation; HR, hazards ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; BCG IVI, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin intravesical instillation; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; HU, Hounsfield unit; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; MUSCLE, all skeletal muscles; PARA, paraspinal muscle; PSOAS, psoas muscle; height-adjusted area, body composition area at the third lumbar (L3) vertebral level/height2

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.001. The significant values were showed as bold with * or bold with **.