. 2023 Aug 14;50(1):kuad015. doi: 10.1093/jimb/kuad015

Table 1.

Comparison of Kinetic Parameters between Batch Fermentation and Fed-Batch Fermentation in Fermenter

Parameter	Batch fermentation (control)	Batch fermentation (ALE105)	Fed-batch fermentation (control)	Fed-batch fermentation (ALE105)
Total sugar concentration S (g/L)	40.00 ± 0.00^c	40.00 ± 0.00^c	63.32 ± 0.47^a	59.46 ± 0.72^b
Residual sugar concentration S (g/L)	13.10 ± 0.04^c	11.26 ± 0.06^d	24.42 ± 0.13^a	24.01 ± 0.09^b
Fermentation time T (h)	120.00^a	120.00^a	120.00^a	120.00^a
Maximum cell dry weight X (g/L)	5.73 ± 0.25^b	5.50 ± 0.10^b	21.23 ± 0.15^a	5.73 ± 0.15^b
Specific yield of carotenoid (carotenoid content) Y_p/x (mg/g)	10.34 ± 0.36^c	16.79 ± 0.57^a	7.76 ± 0.11^d	14.03 ± 0.49^b
Specific yield of astaxanthin (astaxanthin content) Y_p/x (mg/g)	4.63 ± 0.23^b	6.53 ± 0.18^a	2.12 ± 0.08^c	6.81 ± 0.41^a
Growth yield Yx/s (g/g)	0.21 ± 0.002^b	0.19 ± 0.009^c	0.55 ± 0.005^a	0.16 ± 0.014^d
Carotenoid yield Y_p/s (mg/g)	2.20 ± 0.13^c	3.21 ± 0.07^b	4.26 ± 0.24^a	2.26 ± 0.18^c
Astaxanthin yield Y_p/s (mg/g)	0.98 ± 0.02^c	1.25 ± 0.11^a	1.16 ± 0.15^b	1.10 ± 0.04^b
Cell-specific production rate Q_x (g/(L h))	0.05 ± 0.002^b	0.05 ± 0.001^b	0.18 ± 0.001^a	0.05 ± 0.001^b
Carotenoid specific production rate Q_p (mg/(L h))	0.49 ± 0.007^d	0.77 ± 0.013^b	1.40 ± 0.019^a	0.67 ± 0.007^c
Astaxanthin-specific production rate Q_p (mg/(L h)))	0.22 ± 0.002^d	0.30 ± 0.005^c	0.37 ± 0.016^a	0.33 ± 0.012^b
Specific growth rate μ (h⁻)	0.023 ± 0.007^b	0.022 ± 0.002^b	0.038 ± 0.006^a	0.023 ± 0.005^b
Proportion of astaxanthin in carotenoids (%)	44.74 ± 2.31^b	38.94 ± 0.97^c	27.15 ± 1.01^d	48.58 ± 2.10^a

Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).