Table 2.
Association of Clinical and Imaging Variables with All-Cause Mortality in Individuals with a Smoking History
| All HR (95% CI) P value | Normal Spirometry HR (95% CI) P value | PRISm HR (95% CI) P value | GOLD 1–2 HR (95% CI) P value | GOLD 3–4 HR (95% CI) P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical variables* | |||||
| ⩾2 respiratory exacerbations in yr before enrollment | 1.44 (1.28–1.62) <0.001 |
0.94 (0.51–1.71) 0.83 |
1.45 (0.95–2.22) 0.09 |
1.45 (1.15–1.84) 0.002 |
1.43 (1.23–1.66) <0.001 |
| SGRQ total score ⩾ 25 | 1.60 (1.43–1.79) <0.001 |
1.48 (1.20–1.84) <0.001 |
1.40 (1.05–1.87) 0.02 |
1.80 (1.49–2.17) <0.001 |
1.65 (1.26–2.17) <0.001 |
| mMRC ⩾ 2 | 1.57 (1.41–1.74) <0.001 |
1.21 (0.96–1.52) 0.10 |
1.57 (1.18–2.09) 0.002 |
1.84 (1.53–2.20) <0.001 |
1.53 (1.24–1.88) <0.001 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 1.21 (1.09–1.34) <0.001 |
1.26 (0.97–1.64) 0.08 |
1.29 (0.93–1.81) 0.13 |
1.21 (1.01–1.46) 0.04 |
1.25 (1.08–1.45) 0.003 |
| Imaging variables† | |||||
| % Emphysema (per 1% increase) | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) <0.001 |
1.01 (0.97–1.06) 0.53 |
0.99 (0.93–1.05) 0.71 |
1.02 (1.01–1.03) <0.001 |
1.00 (1.00–1.01) 0.21 |
| Pi10 (per 1 SD = 0.13 mm increase) | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) <0.001 |
1.13 (1.00–1.28) 0.06 |
1.25 (1.07–1.46) 0.004 |
1.05 (0.96–1.15) 0.32 |
1.10 (1.03–1.17) 0.005 |
Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; GOLD = Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease spirometry grade; HR = hazard ratio; mMRC = modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale; PRISm = Preserved ratio impaired spirometry; SD = standard deviation; SGRQ = St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.
Separate clinical models, each adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking status, smoking pack-years, the highest level of school completed, postbronchodilator FEV1% predicted, and study site.
Separate imaging models, each adjusted for the same variables as clinical models with the exception of scanner make instead of the study site.