Table 5. Comparison of tongue pressure, lip pressure, and tongue endurance between facial types, in subjects with Class I, II, and III malocclusion.
| Variables | Class I | Class II | Class III | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Horizontal (n=13) | Meso (n=10) | Vertical (n=5) | p-value | Horizontal (n=4) | Meso (n=5) | Vertical (n=5) | p-value | Horizontal (n=3) | Meso (n=4) | Vertical (n=6) | p-value | ||
| Anterior maximum tongue pressure (kPa) | Mean | 58.2 | 57.6 | 47.4 | 0.156a | 61.5 | 57.4 | 53.0 | 0.554a | 54.7 | 70.2 | 51.8 | 0.196a |
| Median | 59.0 | 59.5 | 49.0 | 62.5 | 54.0 | 54.0 | 64.0 | 73.5 | 49.0 | ||||
| SD | 10.0 | 10.7 | 12.6 | 6.1 | 12.6 | 13.0 | 16.2 | 11.3 | 16.3 | ||||
| Minimum | 39.0 | 36.0 | 29.0 | 54.0 | 43.0 | 39.0 | 36.0 | 54.0 | 36.0 | ||||
| Maximum | 71.0 | 72.0 | 63.0 | 67.0 | 72.0 | 69.0 | 64.0 | 80.0 | 83.0 | ||||
| Posterior maximum tongue pressure (kPa) | Mean | 54.2 | 58.4 | 43.0 | 0.159b | 54.2 | 60.0 | 48.2 | 0.445b | 54.0 | 66.0 | 47.2 | 0.168b |
| Median | 57.0 | 59.0 | 43.0 | 52.5 | 64.0 | 55.0 | 61.0 | 68.0 | 45.5 | ||||
| SD | 14.2 | 13.9 | 14.8 | 4.6 | 17.3 | 15.3 | 18.5 | 11.7 | 13.4 | ||||
| Minimum | 18.0 | 26.0 | 28.0 | 51.0 | 33.0 | 29.0 | 33.0 | 50.0 | 33.0 | ||||
| Maximum | 74.0 | 77.0 | 65.0 | 61.0 | 75.0 | 64.0 | 68.0 | 78.0 | 67.0 | ||||
| Tongue endurance (s) | Mean | 50.0 | 47.0 | 36.0 | 0.611a | 61.5 | 47.2 | 55.0 | 0.858a | 67.0 | 44.0 | 48.3 | 0.577a |
| Median | 38.0 | 48.0 | 36.0 | 63.5 | 32.0 | 36.0 | 78.0 | 38.5 | 40.5 | ||||
| SD | 33.9 | 18.3 | 15.0 | 36.8 | 26.2 | 50.0 | 43.5 | 16.5 | 28.5 | ||||
| Minimum | 17.0 | 20.0 | 21.0 | 20.0 | 26.0 | 18.0 | 19.0 | 31.0 | 18.0 | ||||
| Maximum | 123.0 | 86.0 | 52.0 | 99.0 | 84.0 | 140.0 | 104.0 | 68.0 | 92.0 | ||||
| Maximum lip pressure (kPa) | Mean | 15.4 | 14.1 | 14.8 | 0.826b | 13.2 | 13.6 | 13.4 | 0.989b | 14.3 | 16.0 | 15.5 | 0.915b |
| Median | 14.0 | 13.5 | 17.0 | 13.5 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 17.0 | 13.0 | ||||
| SD | 5.6 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.51 | 3.8 | 2.1 | 3.6 | 6.7 | ||||
| Minimum | 9.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 7.0 | 12.0 | 11.0 | 9.0 | ||||
| Maximum | 30.0 | 24.0 | 18.0 | 17.0 | 19.0 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 19.0 | 27.0 | ||||
a
Kruskal Wallis Test;
b
Anova
Caption: SD = Standard Deviation; Meso = mesofacial