Table 5. Baseline characteristic of the respondents.
| Risk factors | Total | HTN | Non-HTN | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall, n (%) | 612 | 130 (21.2) | 482 (78.8) | |
| Residence, n (%) | ||||
| Urban | 408(66.7) | 100(24.5) | 308(75.5) | 0.006 |
| Semi-urban | 204(33.3) | 30(14.7) | 174(85.3) | |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 327(53.4) | 85(26.0) | 242(74.0) | 0.002 |
| Female | 285(46.6) | 45(15.8) | 240(84.2) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 47.56(13.40) | 54.66 (14.04) | 45.64(12.56) | <0.001 |
| MS, n% | ||||
| Single | 29(4.74) | 4(13.8) | 25(86.2) | 0.795 |
| Married | 500(81.70) | 108(21.6) | 392(78.4) | |
| Divorced | 24(3.92) | 5(20.8) | 19(79.2) | |
| Widowed | 59(9.64) | 13(22.0) | 46(78.0) | |
| Religion, n (%) | ||||
| Protestant | 337(55.07) | 62(18.4) | 275(81.6) | 0.147 |
| Orthodox | 181(29.58) | 50(27.6) | 131(72.4) | |
| Catholic | 38(6.21) | 6(15.8) | 32(84.2) | |
| Muslim | 50(8.17) | 11(22.0) | 39(78.0) | |
| Other | 6(0.98) | 1(16.7) | 5(83.3) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Sidama | 222(36.27) | 43(19.4) | 179(80.6) | 0.285 |
| Walayita | 146(23.86) | 26(17.8) | 120(82.2) | |
| Kembata | 105(17.16) | 24(22.9) | 81(77.1) | |
| Guraga | 58(9.48) | 14(24.1) | 44(75.9) | |
| Amahra | 44(7.19) | 15(34.1) | 29(65.9) | |
| Oromo | 27(4.41) | 7(25.9) | 20(74.1) | |
| Hadiya | 10(1.63) | 1(10.0) | 9(90.0) | |
| Education, n (%) | ||||
| Cannot read and write | 139(22.71) | 33(23.7) | 106(76.3) | 0.595 |
| Read and write only | 98(16.01) | 16(16.3) | 82(83.7) | |
| Primary education (1–8) | 84(13.73) | 16(19.0) | 68(81.0) | |
| Secondary education (9–12) | 108(17.65) | 22(20.4) | 86(79.6) | |
| Diploma and above | 183(29.90) | 43(23.5) | 140(76.5) | |
| Occupation, n (%) | ||||
| Employee | 199(32.52) | 32(16.1) | 167(83.9) | 0.033 |
| Daily-laborer | 53(8.66) | 9(17.0) | 44(83.0) | |
| Merchant | 165(26.96) | 43(26.1) | 122(73.9) | |
| Housewife | 118(18.28) | 22(18.6) | 96(81.4) | |
| Retired | 59(9.64) | 20(33.9) | 39(66.1) | |
| Others | 18(2.94) | 4(22.2) | 14(77.8) | |
| FM, n (%) | ||||
| 1–3 | 138(22.55) | 22(15.9) | 116(84.1) | 0.062 |
| 4–6 | 281(45.92) | 57(20.3) | 224(79.7) | |
| 7 or 7+ | 193(31.54) | 51(26.4) | 142(73.6) | |
| Income, mean (SD) | 3169.69 (1999.468) | 3664.23 (2503.960) | 3036.31(1820.149) | 0.001 |
| PA, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 371(60.6) | 41(11.1) | 330(88.9) | <0.001 |
| No | 241(39.4) | 89(36.9) | 152(63.1) | |
| Walking, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 471(77.0) | 63(13.4) | 408(86.6) | <0.001 |
| No | 141(23.0) | 67(47.5) | 74(52.5) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 561(91.67) | 98(17.5) | 463(82.5) | <0.001 |
| No | 51(8.33) | 32(62.7) | 19(37.3) | |
| Height, mean (SD) | 165.20(8.871) | 168.98(8.062) | 164.18(8.811) | <0.001 |
| Weight, mean (SD) | 66.59(8.769) | 73.07(9.462) | 64.84(7.698) | <0.001 |
| BMI, n (%) | ||||
| Underweight | 10(1.63) | 2(10.0) | 8(80.0) | <0.001 |
| Normal | 366((59.80) | 49(13.4) | 317(86.6) | |
| Overweight | 212(34.64) | 67(31.6) | 145(68.4) | |
| Obese | 24(3.92) | 12(50.0) | 12(50.0) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 74(12.1) | 29(29.2) | 45(60.8) | <0.001 |
| No | 538(87.9) | 101(18.8) | 437(81.7) | |
| Drinking, yes, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 141(23.0) | 51(36.2) | 90(63.8) | <0.001 |
| No | 471(77.0) | 79(16.8) | 392(83.2) | |
| Kchat, yes, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 526(85.9) | 107(20.3) | 419(79.7) | 0.200 |
| No | 86(14.1) | 23(26.7) | 63(73.3) | |
| Fruit, no, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 429(70.1) | 89(20.7) | 340(79.3) | 0.667 |
| No | 183(29.9) | 41(22.4) | 142(77.6) | |
| Vegetable, no, n (%) | 0.011 | |||
| Yes | 524(85.6) | 102(19.5) | 422(80.6) | |
| No | 88(14.4) | 28(31.8) | 60(68.2) | |
| Fat, yes, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 188(69.3) | 61(32.4) | 127(67.6) | |
| No | 424(30.7) | 61(32.4) | 127(67.6) | |
| Salt, yes, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 81(13.2) | 31(38.3) | 50(61.7) | |
| No | 531(86.8) | 99(18.6) | 432(81.4) | |
| Transport, n (%) | ||||
| On foot/pedal bicycle | 313(51.1) | 51(16.3) | 262(83.7) | 0.003 |
| Engine | 299(48.9) | 79(26.4) | 220(73.6) | |
| HD, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 51(8.3) | 32(62.7) | 19(37.3) | <0.001 |
| No | 561(91.7) | 98(17.5) | 463(82.5) | |
| Wealth, n (%) | ||||
| Poorest | 170(27.78) | 21(12.4) | 149(87.6) | 0.011 |
| Very poor | 103(16.83) | 24(23.3) | 79(76.7) | |
| Poor | 117(19.12) | 29(24.8) | 88(75.2) | |
| Less poor | 161(26.31) | 37(23.0) | 124(77.0) | |
| Least poor | 61(9.97) | 19(31.1) | 42(68.9) | |
| HHTN, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 84(13.7) | 45(53.6) | 39(46.4) | <0.001 |
| No | 528(86.3) | 85(16.1) | 443(83.9) |