Table 1.

Advantages and challenges of the AOP framework, visuals and AOP-Wiki in driving interdisciplinary collaboration.

Framework
Advantages	Stressor agnostic approach leading to knowledge sharing between disciplines, Cover the different biological levels associated to different disciplines, Foster focused and structured discussions.
Challenges	Describe virus biology while staying compliant with the stressor agnostic approach, Move between the different biological levels, Need for ontology to ensure common and harmonized terminology.
Visuals
Advantages	Capture essential steps from dispersed information sources, Show and make explicit different perspectives and assumptions, Represent an intuitive and accessible way to develop an AOP, Help to structure discussions and mediate consensus.
Challenges	Linearity of the AOP diagram for complex biological processes, Balance between comprehensive detail and informative simplicity, Consideration of “pre-MIE,” i.e., exposure, Visual imbalance between KEs compared to the KERs, Difficult to represent modulating factors in the diagram.
AOP-Wiki
Advantages	Living documents that can be updated when new information become available, Flexibility to accommodate modifications when needed, Shared online publicly accessible platform for collaboration, Show up gaps across the different biological levels.
Challenges	AOP development within the AOP Wiki is a resource intensive process, Difficult to achieve standardization of free text field entries, Work needed to devise suitable and effective evidence tables, Duplication of KEs: needs for harmonization of concepts and ontology.