As increasing data are published regarding non-invasive modalities to detect post-transplant outcomes, they may be able to diagnose ACR, AMR, or CAV without the need for cardiac catheterization and EMB. There is growing research in novel technologies to determine the net immune state to facilitate the selection and titration of immunosuppression. Novel -omic based targets will permit the development of DNA- RNA- or monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics. Finally, an enhanced understanding of genetic polymorphisms, mitochondrial DNA patterns, and epigenetic data can shed light into mechanisms behind disparate outcomes in Black transplant patients.
ACR, acute cellular rejection; AMR, antibody-mediated rejection; CAV, cardiac allograft vasculopathy; EMB, endomyocardial biopsy