Table 1 The role of m ⁶A in processes associated with cellular senescence

Cellular senescence pathways	m 6A-related molecules	Expression	m 6A level	Main functions	Cell type	Ref.
Oxidative stress	YTHDF	Elevated	Unchanged	Promote the formation of stress particles	Human osteosarcoma cells	[43]
FTO	Elevated	Reduced	Increase expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and quinone oxidoreductase	Bovine granulosa cells	[44]
METTL3/14 FTO	Elevated Reduced	Elevated	Promote glutathione expression	Human keratin-forming cells	[45]
DNA damage	METTL3	Elevated	Elevated	Repair DNA damage caused by UV exposure	Human osteosarcoma cells, melanoma cells, hele cells	[46]
ALKBH5	Reduced	Elevated	Protect cells from DNA damage	Human embryonic kidney 293 cells	[47]
METTL3	Elevated	Elevated	Recruit RAD51 and BRCA1 to the DNA break to help with DNA repair	Human osteosarcoma cells	[48]
Telomeres	METTL3	Elevated	Elevated	Inhibit telomere recruitment and regulates telomere length	Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, human non-small cell lung cancer cells, human prostate cancer cells	[49]
ALKBH5	Elevated	Reduced	Remove m 6A from telomerase mRNA to facilitate telomerase breakdown	Human embryonic kidney 293 cells	[50]
METTL3	Elevated	Elevated	Enhance PARP1 stability and maintains telomere integrity	Gastric cancer stem cells	[51]
SASP	METTL3	Elevated	Elevated	Reduce levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF	Macrophages	[ 52, 53]
IGF2BP2	Elevated	Unchanged	Promote IL-17 expression	Mouse embryonic fibroblasts	[54]
METTL3	Elevated	Elevated	Promote the activation of the TRAF6-NF-κB pathway to promote secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-18	Microglia	[55]