Table 4.

Logistic regression analysis for propensity score calculation; dependent variable: damage control orthopaedics. Included were 12,033 patients with complete data (96%)

	Regression coefficient	Odds ratio (OR)	95% confidence interval for OR	Significance
Age (reference: 16–59 years)				< 0.001
1–15 years	− 0.55	0.58	0.45–0.74	< 0.001
60–69 years	− 0.11	0.90	0.79–1.03	0.123
70 years and older	− 0.21	0.81	0.72–0.92	0.001
Male gender	0.06	1.06	0.97–1.16	0.193
Penetrating trauma	0.51	1.67	1.24–2.27	0.001
Head injury (AIS ≥ 3)	− 0.08	0.92	0.83–1.02	0.097
Thoracic trauma (AIS ≥ 3)	− 0.08	0.92	0.84–1.01	0.083
Abdominal trauma (AIS ≥ 3)	0.03	1.03	0.92–1.15	0.580
Injury to an upper extremity (AIS ≥ 2)	− 0.06	0.95	0.86–1.04	0.239
Injury to a lower extremity (AIS ≥ 2)	0.69	2.00	1.79–2.23	< 0.001
Femur fracture	0.21	1.23	1.11–1.37	< 0.001
Stable pelvic fracture (AIS 2)	− 0.19	0.83	0.73–0.94	0.005
Unstable pelvic fracture (AIS 3–5)	0.74	2.10	1.88–2.33	< 0.001
Most severe injury (reference: AIS 3)				0.077
AIS 4	0.07	1.07	0.97–1.19	0.153
AIS 5/6	0.14	1.15	1.02–1.30	0.027
Number of injuries (per injury)	0.052	1.053	1.036–1.070	< 0.001
Prehospital intubation	0.24	1.27	1.15–1.40	< 0.001
Prehospital catecholamine therapy	0.14	1.15	0.99–1.35	0.072
Prehospital fluid administration (> 1000 mL)	0.22	1.25	1.13–1.38	< 0.001
Coagulopathy	0.08	1.09	0.97–1.22	0.166
Transfusion of pRBC units (no reference)				< 0.001
1–9 units	0.55	1.73	1.53–1.95	< 0.001
Massive transfusions (≥ 10 units)	0.99	2.70	2.09–3.49	< 0.009
Trauma centre (reference: Level 1)
Level 2	− 0.13	0.88	0.78–0.99	0.045
Level 3	− 0.43	0.65	0.47–0.89	0.008
Fall from less than 3 m	− 0.44	0.64	0.54–0.77	< 0.001
On-call setting	0.10	1.11	1.02–1.21	0.016
Constant	− 0.77			< 0.001

The Nagelkerke R² = 0.174

AIS  Abbreviated Injury Scale, pRBC  packed red blood cell(s)