. 2023 Mar 2;33(3):591–610. doi: 10.1007/s00062-023-01271-5

Table 3.

Dose reduction in other NCCT of the head

Author	Year	Subjects (n)	Comparison	CT System	Acquisition parameters	Reconstruction name (level)	Dose reduction (%)	CTDIvol (mGy)	DLP (mGy * cm)	E (mSv)
Kaul [36]	2016	177 71^SD 86^LD1 20^LD2	SD^FBP vs. LD1^ASIR20 vs. LD2^ASIR30	64-MDCT (GE Lightspeed VCT, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA)	120 kV, 100–300 mA^{am, SD} 120 kV, 100–300 mA^{am, LD}	FBP HIR (ASIR 20%, 30%)	41^LD1 73^LD2	51.6^SD 30.2^LD1 13.9^LD2	768.0^SD 455.0^LD1 204.0^LD2	1.6^SD 1.1^LD1 0.4^LD2
Ozdoba [34]	2014	75 50^SD 25^LD	SD^FBP vs. LD^HIR	16/64-MDCT (Siemens SOMATOM Sensation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany)^SD 128-MDCT (Siemens Somatom Definition Edge, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany)^LD	120 kV, 220/380 mAs^SD 100 kV, 230 mAs^LD	FBP HIR (SAFIRE)	40	57.2^SD 34.9^LD	964.0^SD 574.1^LD	NA
Korn [33]	2013	60 30^SD 30^LD	SD^FBP vs. LD^{FBP, HIR}	128-MDCT (Siemens Somatom Definition Flash, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany)	120 kV, 320 mAs^SD 120 kV, 255 mAs^LD	FBP HIR (SAFIRE 3)	20	59.7^SD 47.8^LD	1042.0^SD 829.0^LD	2.2^SD 1.7^LD
Kilic [28]	2013	305 152^SD 153^LD	SD^FBP vs. LD^ASIR	16-MDCT (GE Lightspeed VCT)	100/120 kV, 200–420 mA^SD 100/120 kV, 100–290 mA^LD	FBP HIR (ASIR 30%)	30	38.8^pf/29.0^{cer SD} 27.7^pf/20.2^{cer LD}	466.5^SD 329.2^LD	2.2^SD 1.5^LD
Korn [57]	2012	90 30^SD 30^LD1 30^LD2	SD vs. LD1 vs. LD2	128-MDCT (Siemens SOMATOM Definition Flash, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany)	120 kV, 320 mAs^SD 120 kV, 275 mAs ^LD1 120 kV, 225 mAs ^LD2	FBP IRIS	15^SD-LD1 30^SD-LD2	60.1^SD 51.8^LD1 42.3^LD2	1043.0^SD 890.0^LD1 733.0^LD2	2.2^SD 1.8^LD1 1.5^LD2
Rapalino [32]	2012	150 50^SD 100^LD	SD^FBP vs. LD^ASIR	64-MDCT (GE Discovery CT750HD, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA)	120 kV, 250 mA, 175 mAs^SD 120 kV, 200 mA, 140 mAs^LD	FBP HIR (ASIR 20–100%)	26	66.5^SD 49.7^LD	1270.3^SD 932.3^LD	2.7^SD 2.0^LD
Becker [31]	2012	150 50^SD 50^LD1 50^LD2	SD^FBP vs. LD1^FBP vs. LD2^IRIS	MDCT (Siemens Somatom Definition Flash)	120 kV, 320 mAs^SD 120 kV, 390 mAs^{am, LD1, LD2}	FBP IRIS	24^CTDI 20^DLP	60.0^SD 46.0^LD1 45.0^LD2	887.0^SD 722.0^LD1 708.0^LD2	NA
Kilic [30]	2011	149 51^SD 98^LD	SD^FBP vs. LD^ASIR	16-MDCT (GE Brightspeed, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA)	140^pf/120^cer kV, 170^pf/270^cer mA ^SD 140^pf/120^cer kV, 125^pf/190^cer mA ^SD	FBP HIR (ASIR 30%)	26^{pf, CTDI} 35^{cer, CTDI} 31^DLP	93.5^{pf, SD} 59.4^{cer, SD} 69.1^{pf, LD} 38.6^{cer, LD}	1081.3^SD 748.6^LD	2.3^SD 1.6^LD

Author

Year

Subjects (n)

Comparison

CT System

Acquisition parameters

Reconstruction name (level)

Dose reduction (%)

CTDIvol
(mGy)

DLP
(mGy * cm)

E
(mSv)

Kaul [36]

2016

177

71^SD

86^LD1

20^LD2

SD^FBP vs. LD1^ASIR20 vs. LD2^ASIR30

64-MDCT (GE Lightspeed VCT, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA)

120 kV, 100–300 mA^{am, SD}

120 kV, 100–300 mA^{am, LD}

FBP

HIR (ASIR 20%, 30%)

41^LD1

73^LD2

51.6^SD

30.2^LD1

13.9^LD2

768.0^SD

455.0^LD1

204.0^LD2

1.6^SD

1.1^LD1

0.4^LD2

Ozdoba [34]

2014

50^SD

25^LD

SD^FBP vs. LD^HIR

16/64-MDCT (Siemens SOMATOM Sensation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany)^SD

128-MDCT (Siemens Somatom Definition Edge, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany)^LD

120 kV, 220/380 mAs^SD

100 kV, 230 mAs^LD

FBP

HIR (SAFIRE)

57.2^SD

34.9^LD

964.0^SD

574.1^LD

Korn [33]

2013

30^SD

30^LD

SD^FBP vs. LD^{FBP, HIR}

128-MDCT (Siemens Somatom Definition Flash, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany)

120 kV, 320 mAs^SD

120 kV, 255 mAs^LD

FBP

HIR (SAFIRE 3)

59.7^SD

47.8^LD

1042.0^SD

829.0^LD

2.2^SD

1.7^LD

Kilic [28]

2013

305

152^SD

153^LD

SD^FBP vs. LD^ASIR

16-MDCT (GE Lightspeed VCT)

100/120 kV, 200–420 mA^SD

100/120 kV, 100–290 mA^LD

FBP

HIR (ASIR 30%)

38.8^pf/29.0^{cer SD}

27.7^pf/20.2^{cer LD}

466.5^SD

329.2^LD

2.2^SD

1.5^LD

Korn [57]

2012

30^SD

30^LD1

30^LD2

SD vs. LD1 vs. LD2

128-MDCT (Siemens SOMATOM Definition Flash, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany)

120 kV, 320 mAs^SD

120 kV, 275 mAs ^LD1

120 kV, 225 mAs ^LD2

FBP

IRIS

15^SD-LD1

30^SD-LD2

60.1^SD

51.8^LD1

42.3^LD2

1043.0^SD

890.0^LD1

733.0^LD2

2.2^SD

1.8^LD1

1.5^LD2

Rapalino [32]

2012

150

50^SD

100^LD

SD^FBP vs. LD^ASIR

64-MDCT (GE Discovery CT750HD, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA)

120 kV, 250 mA, 175 mAs^SD

120 kV, 200 mA, 140 mAs^LD

FBP

HIR (ASIR 20–100%)

66.5^SD

49.7^LD

1270.3^SD

932.3^LD

2.7^SD

2.0^LD

Becker [31]

2012

150

50^SD

50^LD1

50^LD2

SD^FBP vs. LD1^FBP vs. LD2^IRIS

MDCT (Siemens Somatom Definition Flash)

120 kV, 320 mAs^SD

120 kV, 390 mAs^{am, LD1, LD2}

FBP

IRIS

24^CTDI

20^DLP

60.0^SD

46.0^LD1

45.0^LD2

887.0^SD

722.0^LD1

708.0^LD2

Kilic [30]

2011

149

51^SD

98^LD

SD^FBP vs. LD^ASIR

16-MDCT (GE Brightspeed, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA)

140^pf/120^cer kV, 170^pf/270^cer mA ^SD

140^pf/120^cer kV, 125^pf/190^cer mA ^SD

FBP

HIR (ASIR 30%)

26^{pf, CTDI}

35^{cer, CTDI}

31^DLP

93.5^{pf, SD}

59.4^{cer, SD}

69.1^{pf, LD}

38.6^{cer, LD}

1081.3^SD

748.6^LD

2.3^SD

1.6^LD

am automatic tube current modulation, ASIR adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction, ASIR20/30 adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction at level 20/30/40% (available options: 0–50% in 10% increments), cer cerebrum, CTDI based on CTDI_vol, FBP filtered back projection, HIR hybrid iterative reconstruction, IRIS iterative reconstruction in image space, LD low-dose, LD1 low-dose protocol 1, LD2 low-dose protocol 2, pf posterior fossa, SAFIRE sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction, SAFIRE1–5 SAFIRE at level 1–5, SD standard-dose, SD-LD1 dose reduction between standard-dose protocol and low-dose protocol 1, SD-LD2 dose reduction between standard-dose protocol dose and low-dose protocol