Table 1.

The major physiological roles of NPY receptors in humans, their agonists, and their antagonists

NPY receptors	Expression	Function	Agonist	Antagonist	References
Y1R	Periphery, hypothalamus, hippocampus, neocortex, thalamus	Food intake, energy homeostasis, body weight, angiogenesis, anti-anxiety, ethanol consumption, pain signaling, bone homeostasis, regulation blood pressure, sedation	[Leu31,Pro34]NPY, [Phe7,Pro34]pNPY, [D-Arg25]NPY, [D-His26]-NPY	1229U91,J-104870, J-115814,BMS-193885, SAR-135966,BVD-10, compound 3,BIBP3226, compound 4,SR120819A, BIBO3304	[14, 86, 124, 125]
Y2R	Brain, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus	Food intake, energy homeostasis, colonic transit, pain signaling, cardiovascular regulation, anxiety, neuronal excitability, angiogenesis, ethanol consumption, bone formation	PYY(3–36),TM-30335, NPY13-36,obinepitide	BII20246,JNJ-31020028, JNJ-5207787(compound 7), T4-[NPY(33–36)]4	[14, 59, 86, 124, 125]
Y4R	Gastrointestinal tract, hippocampus, pancreas, hypothalamus, prostate, human epidermis	Food intake, energy homeostasis, regulates bone volume, body weight, affects fertility, muscle contraction	BVD-74D,1229U91, Sub[-T yr-Arg-Leu-Arg-T yr-NH2]2, TM-30339,obinepitide		[14, 21, 86, 124, 125]
Y5R	Hypothalamus	Food intake, energy homeostasis, anticonvulsant, anxiety, mood control	[D-Trp32]NPY, [D-Trp34]NPY, [cPP1-7, N P Y19-23, A l a31, Aib32, G l n34]hPP	CGP71683A,S-25585, GW438014A,MK-0557, FMS-586,L-152,804 velneperit (S-2367),	[14, 86, 124, 125]