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. 2023 Aug 24;6:870. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-05243-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Mean AUC and AUPR at predicting the drug–ADR interactions that cause serious clinical outcomes and the corresponding classes of serious clinical outcomes for varying percentages of randomly chosen interactions. b The distribution of AUCs and AUPRs of drugs in de novo test. Since some drugs only have one or more of the seven seriousness classes in the benchmark dataset, it is not possible to obtain all the seriousness class labels. The boxes inside the violin plots indicate the 50-th percentile (middle line), 25-th and 75-th percentile (box), the smallest value within 1.5 times interquartile range below the 25-th percentile, and the largest value within 1.5 times interquartile range above the 75-th percentile (whiskers), and outliers (dots). We set the AUC and AUPR values of the corresponding seriousness classes of these samples to 0 and do not count them.