Table 5.

Standardized coefficients, standard errors, and p-values from the multivariable ridge regression models simultaneously relating the top four quantitative emphysema metrics investigated to each of the seven clinical characteristics of interest.

	Standardized coefficient	S.E.	p-value
FEV${}_1$/FVC
ACS	− 0.14	0.01	2.4 x ${10}^{-31}$
D	0.04	0.01	7.3 x ${10}^{-08}$
NJC	− 0.08	0.03	0.005
%LAA	0.08	0.03	0.003
FEV ${}_1$
ACS	− 0.68	0.07	1.5 x ${10}^{-23}$
D	0.25	0.04	2.7 x ${10}^{-08}$
NJC	− 0.25	0.16	0.129
%LAA	0.38	0.14	0.008
FRC
ACS	0.76	0.08	2.2 x ${10}^{-20}$
D	− 0.04	0.05	0.439
NJC	0.37	0.19	0.053
%LAA	− 0.34	0.17	0.044
FRC/TLC
ACS	0.09	0.01	3.2 x ${10}^{-18}$
D	− 0.02	0.01	3.3 x ${10}^{-04}$
NJC	− 0.01	0.02	0.753
%LAA	− 0.02	0.02	0.275
SGRQ (Total)
ACS	17.00	1.92	1.2 x ${10}^{-17}$
D	− 7.60	1.29	7.2 x ${10}^{-09}$
NJC	3.01	4.86	0.535
%LAA	− 9.14	4.26	0.032
6MWD
ACS	− 249.28	33.34	3.1 x ${10}^{-13}$
D	96.46	22.59	2.3 x ${10}^{-05}$
NJC	58.51	82.32	0.478
%LAA	47.49	72.30	0.512

LAA low attenuation area, NJC normalized join-count, ACS average cluster size, FEV${}_1$ forced expiratory volume in one second, FVC forced vital capacity, 6MWD 6-minute walk distance, FRC functional residual capacity, TLC total lung capacity, GT gas trapping.