Fig. 5.

Aneuploid cells rely on increased serine synthesis to survive. a A gain of an extra chromosome increases the demand for biomass synthesis including nucleic acids, amino acids, and lipid synthesis. The biosynthesis of serine is required for the survival of aneuploid cells because serine is used to make other amino acids and proteins, nucleotides, and lipids. The de novo biosynthesis of serine requires increased utilization of glucose and glutamine. 3-PG, 3-phoshoglycerate; 3-PHP, 3-phosphopyruvate; 3-PSer, 3-phosphoserine; alpha-KG, alpha-ketoglutarate; PHGDH, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase; PSAT1, phosphoserine transaminase 1; PSPH, phosphoserine phosphatase. b In yeast, deletion of SER2 (PSPH) hampers the proliferation of wild type cells grown in minimal media containing 1 mM serine. Disomic strains harboring the same deletion grow extremely poorly in minimal media containing 1 mM serine. Asterisk (*) indicates loss of SER2 causes is lethal in disomes IV, XIV, XV, and XVI. Data adapted from Hwang et al. (Hwang et al. 2017). HSFs trisomic for chromosomes 13, 18, or 21 are sensitive to serine depletion from the growth media. Dis, disome; Con.1, control 1; T13.1, trisomy 13 donor 1. c Quantitative lipidomics shows that the levels of LCBs and ceramides are increased in aneuploid yeast and human cells. Data obtained from Hwang et al. (Hwang et al. 2017, Hwang et al. 2021)