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. 2023 Aug 24;13(8):e069095. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069095

Table 2.

Multilevel multivariable analysis of factors associated with delayed initiation of antenatal care visits among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia, 2019 mini Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

Variables Categories Null model Model I Model II Model III
AOR (95% CI) AOR (95% CI) AOR (95% CI)
Age of women 15–24 1.00 1.00
25–34 1.04 (0.82, 1.33) 1.08 (0.85, 1.39)
35–49 1.36 (0.99, 1.85) 1.42 (1.04, 1.94)*
Marital status Married 1.00 1.00
Not married 0.85 (0.57, 1.26) 0.84 (0.56, 1.24)
Women education status No education 1.00 1.00
Primary 0.80 (0.65, 0.99) 0.83 (0.67, 1.02)
Secondary and higher 0.75 (0.56, 1.00) 0.83 (0.62, 1.12)
Religion Orthodox 1.00 1.00
Muslim 0.97 (0.72, 1.31) 1.03 (0.76, 1.41)
Protestant 1.49 (1.10, 2.02) 1.43 (1.06, 1.94)*
Other 1.14 (0.47, 2.73) 1.10 (0.46, 2.63)
Parity Primi 1.00 1.00
Multi 1.07 (0.83, 1.37) 1.05 (0.82, 1.56)
Sex of household head Male 1.00 1.00
Female 1.07 (0.80, 1.43) 1.11 (0.83, 1.49)
Wealth index Poor 1.00 1.00
Middle 0.83 (0.64, 1.08) 0.83 (0.64, 1.08)
Rich 0.45 (0.35, 0.58) 0.53 (0.41, 0.69)***
Community level variables
Residence Rural 2.15 (1.49, 3.11) 1.50 (1.02, 2.19)*
Urban 1.00 1.00
Region Large central 1.00 1.00
Small peripheral 1.07 (0.68, 1.68) 0.91 (0.56, 1.48)
Metropolitans 0.39 (0.23, 0.68) 0.45 (0.26, 0.77)*

*P value <0.05, **p value <0.01, ***p value <0.001.

AOR, adjusted OR.