Table 2.

Results of the DID regression and for its modified model of Chad, DRC and Iraq

	DID			PSM-DID
	Coef.	95% CI		Coef.	95% CI
Regional sample
ANC	0.026	−0.017	0.068	0.026	−0.017	0.068
ANC4+	−0.010	−0.062	0.042	−0.010	−0.062	0.042
ANC8+	−0.046***	−0.078	−0.015	−0.046***	−0.078	−0.014
Tetanus vaccination	0.055**	0.004	0.106	0.052*	0.000	0.103
Institutional delivery	0.030	−0.019	0.079	0.032	−0.016	0.081
EIB	0.013	−0.045	0.071	0.011	−0.046	0.069
Chad
Tetanus vaccination	−0.016	−0.136	0.104	−0.005	−0.125	0.116
Institutional delivery	0.030	−0.037	0.097	0.036	−0.031	0.102
EIB	−0.085*	−0.184	0.015	−0.074	−0.176	0.027
DRC
ANC	0.006	−0.056	0.068	0.004	−0.060	0.067
ANC4+	0.034	−0.048	0.115	0.028	−0.055	0.112
ANC8+	−0.003	−0.021	0.015	−0.004	−0.022	0.013
Tetanus vaccination	0.042	−0.041	0.124	0.033	−0.053	0.118
Institutional delivery	−0.028	−0.111	0.054	−0.028	−0.112	0.056
EIB	0.074	−0.022	0.169	0.071	−0.025	0.168
Iraq
ANC	0.038*	−0.001	0.078	0.037*	−0.003	0.076
ANC4+	0.028	−0.025	0.080	0.028	−0.026	0.081
ANC8+	−0.039*	−0.080	0.002	−0.038*	−0.082	0.006
Tetanus vaccination	0.059**	0.012	0.107	0.057**	0.008	0.105
Institutional delivery	0.028	−0.009	0.066	0.036*	−0.001	0.074
EIB	−0.029	−0.093	0.034	−0.024	−0.088	0.040

Fixed effects of time, country and provincial district, other covariates including national development indicators, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, marital status, and total number of livebirths are adjusted in all models. The model for the regional sample is weighted by adjusting the population of each country, and the others are weighted with the MICS weight. All models are clustered by the cluster of MICS. ANC, ANC4+ and ANC8+were not included in the Chad country analysis due to data missing.

*p<0.1, **p<0.05, ***p<0.01

ANC, antenatal care; DID, difference-in-difference; DRC, Democratic Republic of Congo; EIB, early initiation of breast feeding; MICS, Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey; PSM, propensity score matching.