Figure 5.

Endogenous RIG-I in A549 cells utilizes metabolite-capped dsRNAs as potent signaling ligands. (A–D) A549 cells and (E) A549 RIG-I KO cells were transfected with the indicated ds39 RNA (100 nM) or no RNA. The extracted RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA and analyzed by qPCR for OAS1, IFNB, MX1, ISG15 and GAPDH mRNA expressions. The bar chart shows the ΔΔCt values normalized to the value of GAPDH. Each trial was done with three technical replicates (n = 3). Dots indicate individual trials; bars indicate the average measurement, and error bars indicate SEM. (F) Western blot for A549 RIG-I KO and WT cells transfected with 100 nM 5'PPP 5'NAD⁺ds39 RNA and no RNA probed with anti-RIG-I and anti-actin antibody.