Table 2.

Effect of Blueberry Supplementation on Neuronal and Pathological Biomarkers (mean ± SE)

Biomarker	Baseline	Post-Treatment	p-value
Aβ40 (pg/mL)	114.45 ± 4.67	114.73 ± 4.27	0.55
Aβ42 (pg/mL)	5.75 ± 0.42	5.75 ± 0.36	0.50
Aβ42 / Aβ40 ratio	0.050 ± 0.002	0.050 ± 0.002	0.51
ptau181 (pg/mL)	37.24 ± 3.31	38.04 ± 2.58	0.64
ptau181/ Aβ42 ratio	6.72 ± 0.65	6.79 ± 0.56	0.56
NfL (pg/mL)	30.09 ± 4.64	44.25 ± 16.85	0.80
GFAP (pg/mL)	239.86 ± 31.15	234.27 ± 26.98	0.34
BDNF (pg/mL)	1685.48 ± 480.43	1850.15 ± 436.63	0.61

1SE, standard error; Aβ40, amyloid-beta 40; Aβ42, amyloid-beta 42; ptau181, phosphorylated Tau181; NfL, neurofilament light; GFAP, Glial Fibrillary acidic protein; BDNF, Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor