Table 5.

Urban ecological TFP and its decomposition items in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin (%).

Year	MIL				MILEC				MILTC
	Whole Basin	Up stream	Mid stream	Down stream	Whole basin	Up stream	Mid stream	Down stream	Whole basin	Up stream	Mid stream	Down stream
2003	0.537	0.450	0.516	0.646	0.026	0.025	0.005	0.049	0.511	0.425	0.511	0.597
2004	0.535	0.449	0.496	0.660	−0.004	−0.007	−0.023	0.017	0.540	0.457	0.519	0.643
2005	0.579	0.511	0.551	0.674	0.019	0.015	0.012	0.030	0.560	0.495	0.540	0.644
2006	0.601	0.523	0.562	0.719	0.015	0.038	−0.006	0.012	0.586	0.485	0.568	0.706
2007	0.625	0.481	0.620	0.772	0.015	0.007	0.004	0.034	0.610	0.475	0.617	0.738
2008	0.629	0.510	0.580	0.798	0.017	0.006	0.011	0.035	0.612	0.504	0.569	0.763
2009	0.641	0.546	0.602	0.773	0.010	0.001	−0.003	0.031	0.631	0.545	0.605	0.742
2010	0.645	0.548	0.613	0.774	0.017	0.032	0.008	0.012	0.627	0.516	0.604	0.762
2011	0.599	0.432	0.621	0.745	0.013	−0.017	0.018	0.038	0.586	0.449	0.603	0.707
2012	0.610	0.500	0.625	0.705	0.014	0.009	0.014	0.021	0.596	0.491	0.612	0.684
2013	0.679	0.603	0.675	0.760	0.008	0.008	0.008	0.008	0.671	0.595	0.667	0.752
2014	0.634	0.527	0.601	0.775	0.015	0.013	0.000	0.031	0.620	0.514	0.601	0.744
2015	0.631	0.507	0.627	0.759	0.011	0.003	0.005	0.026	0.620	0.504	0.623	0.733
2016	0.659	0.533	0.677	0.767	0.022	0.019	0.022	0.024	0.637	0.514	0.655	0.743
2017	0.683	0.501	0.673	0.877	0.063	0.035	0.032	0.122	0.621	0.466	0.641	0.754
2018	0.678	0.562	0.693	0.779	0.021	0.012	0.033	0.017	0.657	0.549	0.660	0.762
2019	0.697	0.657	0.656	0.777	0.025	0.048	−0.001	0.028	0.672	0.609	0.657	0.749
Mean value	0.627	0.520	0.611	0.751	0.018	0.014	0.008	0.032	0.609	0.505	0.603	0.719

MIL: modified input-oriented Luenberger productivity index; MILEC: MIL productivity index to decompose into ecological efficiency change; MILTC: MIL productivity index to decompose into ecological efficiency change and technological progress change; TFP: total factor productivity.