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| deposition method | PCE (%) | FF (%) | VOC (V) | JSC (mA cm–2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| spin | 13.6 ± 0.4 (14.2) | 70.5 ± 1.5 (73.4) | 0.85 ± 0.003 (0.85) | 22.8 ± 0.70 (24.0) |
| spray | 12.2 ± 0.8 (14.1) | 68.0 ± 2.9 (71.8) | 0.84 ± 0.01 (0.85) | 21.4 ± 0.95 (23.1) |
Results are presented as an average of 10 cells ±1 standard deviation, with the champion cell efficiency shown in parenthesis. Forward and backward sweeps are treated separately but counted as 1 cell.
