Table 2.

Association of ketone bodies with incident type 2 diabetes in the general population including all participants (n = 3,307)

	(Adjusted) hazard ratio [95% CI]	P value
Model 1: crude analysis	1.62 [1.24, 2.10]	<0.001
Model 2: adjusted for age and sex	1.55 [1.19, 2.04]	0.001
Model 3: model 2 + BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, hsCRP	1.62 [1.21, 2.17]	0.001
Model 4: model 3 + HOMA-IR	1.63 [1.21, 2.19]	0.001
Model 5: model 4 + lipid related biomarkers	1.63 [1.21, 2.20]	0.001
Model 6: model 5 + renal function	1.62 [1.19, 2.19]	0.002

(Adjusted) hazard ratios [95% CI] are represented as doubling in baseline ketone body levels and were obtained utilizing Cox regression analysis. Model 1 is crude analysis; model 2 is adjusted for age and sex; model 3 is adjusted for model 2 + BMI, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and hsCRP; model 4 is adjusted for model 3 + HOMA-IR; model 5 is adjusted for model 4 + total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides; and model 6 is model 5 + eGFR and urinary albumin excretion.