TABLE 1. Weighted prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi-specific IgG antibodies by different characteristics and results of logistic regression analyses of potential determinants of seropositivity in a cross-sectional survey of children and adolescents (KiGGS Baseline), Germany, 2003–2006 (n = 11,626).
| Characteristics | Tested | Seropositive | Prevalence | Univariable analyses | Multivariable analysesa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | |||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 5,658 | 212 | 3.51 | 2.93–4.08 | Reference | |||
| Male | 5,968 | 299 | 5.2 | 4.50–5.90 | 1.51 | 1.24–1.83 | No adjustment necessary | |
| Age group (years) | ||||||||
| 3–6 | 2,364 | 61 | 2.31 | 1.58–3.05 | Reference | |||
| 7–10 | 3,033 | 119 | 4.07 | 3.23–4.90 | 1.79 | 1.24–2.59 | No adjustment necessary | |
| 11–13 | 2,809 | 119 | 3.95 | 3.08–4.82 | 1.74 | 1.19–2.54 | ||
| 14–17 | 3,420 | 212 | 6.16 | 5.26–7.06 | 2.77 | 1.94–3.97 | ||
| Region of residenceb | ||||||||
| Baden-Württemberg | 1,347 | 56 | 4.09 | 2.72–5.45 | 1.13 | 0.70–1.81 | 1.11 | 0.69–1.81 |
| Bavaria | 1,474 | 105 | 6.97 | 5.39–8.54 | 1.98 | 1.32–2.97 | 1.94 | 1.28–2.93 |
| Central | 1,193 | 54 | 4.3 | 3.43–5.17 | 1.19 | 0.81–1.75 | 1.15 | 0.76–1.73 |
| North-west | 1,459 | 53 | 3.65 | 2.51–4.79 | Reference | |||
| North Rhine-Westphalia | 2,205 | 63 | 2.95 | 2.14–3.76 | 0.8 | 0.52–1.23 | 0.8 | 0.52–1.22 |
| East (north) | 2,219 | 94 | 4.44 | 3.41–5.48 | 1.23 | 0.82–1.84 | 1.2 | 0.80–1.81 |
| East (south) | 1,729 | 86 | 5.79 | 4.01–7.57 | 1.62 | 1.02–2.57 | 1.61 | 1.02–2.54 |
| Size of municipalityc | ||||||||
| Rural | 2,540 | 140 | 6.19 | 4.94–7.43 | 1.91 | 1.29–2.85 | 1.61 | 1.11–2.35 |
| Town | 5,480 | 262 | 4.8 | 4.06–5.55 | 1.46 | 1.01–2.12 | 1.35 | 0.96–1.91 |
| Medium-sized town | 2,598 | 78 | 2.69 | 2.01–3.37 | 0.8 | 0.52–1.22 | 0.84 | 0.57–1.23 |
| Metropolitan | 1,008 | 31 | 3.33 | 2.25–4.41 | Reference | |||
| Socioeconomic statusd (244 missing values) | ||||||||
| High | 2,755 | 155 | 5.46 | 4.45–6.47 | Reference | |||
| Medium | 6,856 | 294 | 4.39 | 3.80–4.99 | 0.8 | 0.64–0.99 | 0.85 | 0.68–1.07 |
| Low | 1,771 | 46 | 2.13 | 1.34–2.92 | 0.38 | 0.24–0.58 | 0.5 | 0.32–0.79 |
| Migration backgrounde (45 missing values) | ||||||||
| Yes | 1,751 | 25 | 1.38 | 0.82–1.94 | Reference | |||
| No | 9,830 | 483 | 5.01 | 4.47–5.55 | 3.76 | 2.53–5.59 | Not applicable | |
| Daily TV consumption (hours) (3,647 missing values) | ||||||||
| 0 | 507 | 33 | 5.88 | 3.71–8.04 | Reference | |||
| 0.5 | 2,701 | 113 | 3.95 | 3.00–4.89 | 0.66 | 0.41–1.04 | 0.63 | 0.39–1.03 |
| 1–2 | 4,122 | 140 | 3.32 | 2.67–3.96 | 0.55 | 0.36–0.84 | 0.5 | 0.31–0.80 |
| 3–4 | 557 | 10 | 1.49 | 0.40–2.57 | 0.24 | 0.10–0.56 | 0.26 | 0.11–0.61 |
| > 4 | 92 | 2 | 1.12 | 5.26–7.06 | 0.18 | 0.04–0.91 | 0.23 | 0.04–1.21 |
| TV consumption on weekends (h/day) (3,772 missing values) | ||||||||
| 0 | 245 | 19 | 7.55 | 3.94–11.16 | Reference | |||
| 0.5 | 1,016 | 39 | 3.49 | 2.22–4.77 | 0.44 | 0.23–0.85 | 0.41 | 0.22–0.79 |
| 1–2 | 4,193 | 156 | 3.5 | 2.82–4.18 | 0.44 | 0.26–0.77 | 0.35 | 0.19–0.62 |
| 3–4 | 2,001 | 67 | 3.35 | 2.38–4.33 | 0.42 | 0.23–0.80 | 0.32 | 0.16–0.62 |
| > 4 | 399 | 9 | 1.89 | 0.51–3.27 | 0.24 | 0.09–0.59 | 0.21 | 0.08–0.54 |
| Weekly media consumptionf (622 missing values) | ||||||||
| Low | 3,737 | 196 | 5.17 | 4.35–5.98 | Reference | |||
| Middle | 3,539 | 167 | 4.73 | 3.90–5.57 | 0.91 | 0.73–1.14 | 0.9 | 0.72–1.12 |
| High | 3,728 | 132 | 3.57 | 2.81–4.33 | 0.68 | 0.52–0.89 | 0.73 | 0.55–0.97 |
| Physical activity (only assessed in participants aged 11 years and older; 120 missing values) | ||||||||
| Never | 584 | 19 | 2.9 | 1.42–4.38 | Reference | |||
| Rarely | 320 | 16 | 5.39 | 2.64–8.13 | 1.91 | 0.87–4.19 | 1.48 | 0.64–3.38 |
| 1–2 times per week | 1,806 | 93 | 5.11 | 3.95–6.27 | 1.8 | 1.00–3.26 | 1.66 | 0.92–2.98 |
| 3–5 times per week | 1,933 | 120 | 6.19 | 5.02–7.37 | 2.21 | 1.29–3.79 | 2.1 | 1.24–3.55 |
| Almost every day | 1,466 | 78 | 5.34 | 4.02–6.67 | 1.89 | 1.09–3.28 | 1.83 | 1.07–3.13 |
| Current pet ownership (251 missing values) | ||||||||
| Yes | 5,655 | 286 | 5 | 4.33–5.66 | 1.34 | 1.09–1.63 | 1.21 | 0.94–1.57 |
| No | 5,720 | 215 | 3.78 | 3.16–4.41 | Reference | |||
| Cat as a pet (280 missing values) | ||||||||
| Yes | 2,220 | 140 | 6.48 | 5.33–7.62 | 1.72 | 1.37–2.15 | 1.37 | 1.00–1.86 |
| No | 9,126 | 359 | 3.88 | 3.35–4.40 | Reference | |||
| Dog as a pet (280 missing values) | ||||||||
| Yes | 1,865 | 89 | 4.9 | 3.85–5.96 | 1.16 | 0.91–1.47 | 0.89 | 0.62–1.29 |
| No | 9,481 | 410 | 4.27 | 3.74–4.79 | Reference | |||
| Small mammal as a pet (280 missing values) | ||||||||
| Yes | 1,700 | 86 | 4.87 | 3.75–5.98 | 1.14 | 0.87–1.49 | 1.22 | 0.86–1.73 |
| No | 9,646 | 413 | 4.29 | 3.75–4.84 | Reference | |||
aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; KiGGS: German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents; OR: odds ratio.
a Multivariable regression models include adjustment variables according to the minimal sufficient adjustment sets listed in Supplementary Table S2.
b Central: Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland; North-west: Bremen, Hamburg, Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein; East (north): Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Saxony-Anhalt; East (south): Saxony and Thuringia.
c Size of municipality was classified as residential areas based on population sizes and categorized into rural (< 5,000), town (5,000– < 20,000), medium-sized town (20,000-– < 100,000) and metropolitan areas (≥ 100,000).
d Categorisation of socio-economic status was based on an index, which was calculated using information regarding education and occupational qualifications, occupational status and net equivalent income of the parents. More details are given in the Supplement.
e Participants were assigned a migration background if they had moved to Germany and at least one parent was born abroad, if both parents had moved to Germany or if neither parent had a German citizenship.
f Media consumption was categorised as high, middle or low based on an index. More details are given in the Supplement.
Entries in bold represent statistically significant findings.