Figure 3.

Circular dichroism-based PPARα/δ/γ-LBD thermal stability assay. The PPARα/δ/γ-LBD exhibited increased T_m values (∆T_m) at 222 nm after an exposure to PPARα-selective GW7647, PPARδ-selective GW501516, and PPARγ-selective GW1929 at their highest soluble concentrations (10, 50, and 10 µM, respectively) (A) that were considered as the maximal (100%) responses. Relative ∆T_m responses by lanifibranor (B), seladelpar (C), elafibranor (D), saroglitazar (E), and pioglitazone (F) were measured as the reflection of the thermal stability of the α-helical structures in the PPARα/δ/γ-LBD. Data are presented as the mean ± SE of three or four (in parentheses) independent experiments. Differences vs. basal levels (with 0.1% DMSO) were statistically assessed by one-way ANOVA, followed by a Dunnett’s post hoc test: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001.