Table 2.
Prevalence of Babesia canis infection in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected from vegetation in various countries.
| Country/Region | Prevalence of Infected Ticks (No. of Infections) | Time of Tick Collection | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland | Western Poland | 0% (0 out of 1233) | 2016–2018 | [101] |
| Western Poland | 0% (0 out of 592) | 2012–2014 | [102] | |
| Southwestern Poland (Wrocław) | 0% (0 out of 337) | 2013–2014 | [103] | |
| Eastern Poland (Lublin province) | 0.7% (4 out of 582) | 2011–2012 | [97] | |
| Eastern Poland | 5.4% (108 out of 1993) | 2011–2014 | [102] | |
| Eastern Poland | 5.9% (74 out of 1264) | 2016–2018 | [101] | |
| Northeastern Poland (Białystok, Augustów) | 6.7% (18 out of 270) | 2017–2019 | [104] | |
| Northeastern Poland (Białystok) | 7.3% (27 out of 368) | 2018 | [105] | |
| Northeastern Poland (The Protected Landscape Area of the Bug and Nurzec Valley) | 7% (21 out of 301) | 2016–2017 | [106] | |
| Germany | Saxony (Leipzig) | 0% (0 out of 804) | 2009 | [94] |
| Bavaria | 0% (0 out of 135) | 2009 | [94] | |
| Bavaria | 0.3% (1 out of 301) | 2010–2013 | [107] | |
| Saarland | 2.5% (10 out of 397) | 2008 | [108] 1 | |
| Austria | Eastern Austria | 16.7% (1 out of 6) | 2007–2008 | [109] |
| Slovakia | Western Slovakia 2 | 0% (0 out of 2999) | 2009–2011 | [110] |
| Southwestern Slovakia | 1% (1 out of 100) | 2002 | [111] | |
| Western Slovakia | 1.8% (11 out of 600) | 2011–2012 | [112] | |
| Southwestern Slovakia | 2.2% (1 out of 45) | 2014 | [113] | |
| Southwestern Slovakia | 2.3% (28 out of 1205) | 2009 | [114] | |
| Eastern Slovakia | 14.7% (48 out of 327) | 2009 | [114] | |
| Southern Slovakia | 35.6% (116 out of 326) | 2004–2010 | [115] | |
| United Kingdom | Wales and Southern England | 0.3% (1 out of 294) | 2019–2020 | [116] |
| Wales | 3.3% (1 out of 30) | 2010–2012 | [117] | |
| Southern England (Devon and Essex) | 17.1% (14 out of 82) | 2010–2016 | [117] | |
| Spain | Northern Spain (Basque Country) | 1% (1 out of 97) | 2003–2005 | [86] |
| Belgium | Belgium | 0% (0 out of 282) | 2010 | [118] |
| Belgium | 0% (0 out of 289) | 2011–2013 | [119] | |
| The Netherlands | The Netherlands | 3.1% (14 out of 444) | 2011–2013 | [119] |
| Latvia | Latvia | 0.3% (2 out of 595) | 2017–2019 | [89] |
| Latvia and Lithuania | Latvia and Lithuania | 1.3% (31 out of 2436) 3 | 2013–2015 | [120] |
| Ukraine | Various regions | 0% (0 out of 141) | 2018 | [121] |
| Chernobyl exclusion zone | 2.9% (6 out of 205) | 2009–2012 | [122] 1 | |
| Czech Republic | Czech Republic | 2.8% (22 out of 783) | 2018–2021 | [123] |
| Russia | Southwestern Siberia (Novosibirsk) | 4.2% (3 out of 72) | 2003 | [124] |
| Southwestern Siberia (Omsk and Novosibirsk) | 3.4% (3 out of 87) | 2003–2004 | [125] | |
| Serbia | Serbia | 20.7% (11 out of 53) | 2007, 2009 | [126] |
| Northern Serbia | 21.6% (11 out of 51) | 2007, 2009 | [127] | |
| Hungary | Budapest | 8.2% (34 out of 413) | 2014–2015 | [128] |
| Italy | Lombardy | 10.9% (53 out of 488) | 2015–2016 | [129] |
| Switzerland | Swiss Midlands | 82.6% (19 out of 23) | 2011 | [95] |
1 Discrepancies between results presented in various parts of the article. 2 The study performed in western Slovakia and the southeasternmost part of the Czech Republic. 3 Ticks infected with Babesia spp., only 18 PCR products were sequenced (B. canis in 17 ticks, B. venatorum in 1 tick).