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. 2023 Aug 13;13(16):2612. doi: 10.3390/ani13162612

Table 4.

Prevalence of Babesia canis infection in dogs and in other canids.

Country/Region Prevalence of Infected Dogs (No. of Infections) Time of Blood Collection Ref.
Europe
Poland Central Poland (Warsaw) 11.8% (48 out of 408) 2003–2004 [143]
Central Poland 28% (23 out of 82) 2006–2008 [144]
Central Poland 30.4% (72 out of 237) 2015–2021 [145]
Central and Eastern Poland 5.3% (1532 out of 28,881) 2016–2018 [82]
Western Poland (including areas endemic and non-endemic for D. reticulatus) 0.5% (26 out of 50,323) 1 2016–2018 [82]
Poland (16 voivodeships) 19.7% (158 out of 800) 2 2008–2010 [146]
Poland 8.5% (14 out of 165) 3 2013–2017 [52]
Poland (Western and Eastern Poland) 2.4% (9 out of 381) 4 2016–2018 [147]
Czech
Republic		 Southern Czech Republic: South Moravian Region (Břeclav District) 0% (0 out of 41) 2010 [148]
Southern Czech Republic: South Moravian Region (Břeclav District) 12.2% (5 out of 41) 5 2010 [148]
Southern Czech Republic: South Moravian Region and South Bohemian Region 1.3% (5 out of 377) 2015 [149]
Czech Republic 10.8% (7 out of 65) 3 2013–2017 [52]
Slovakia Western Slovakia (Malacky District) 0% (0 out of 100) 2010 [150]
Southern Slovakia (towns: Komárno and Nové Zámky) 20.5% (24 out of 117) 2010–2011 [150]
Slovakia 3.8% (14 out of 366) 6,7 Before 2014 8 [151]
Ukraine Western Ukraine 29% (45 out of 155) 2015–2021 [145]
Kiev 26.1% (6 out of 23) 2011 [135]
Latvia Riga, southern and western Latvia 16.4% (43 out of 262) 2 2016–2019 [152]
Lithuania Central Lithuania: Kaunas 76.4% (94 out of 123) 2 2013–2014 [153]
Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo Canton 85% (68 out of 80) 2 2014–2016 [154]
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.8% (1 out of 119) 4 2013–2014 [155]
Croatia Western Croatia 6.5% (7 out of 108) 9 1996–2015 [156]
Croatia 2.4% (20 out of 848) 2007–2008 [157]
Croatia 20% (87 out of 435) 5 Before 2017 7 [158]
Serbia Suburban and rural Belgrade municipalities 13.5% (15 out of 111) 2015 [159]
Serbia 4.2% (9 out of 216) 10 2010–2013 [140]
Slovenia Central Slovenia: Ljubljana 4.6% (11 out of 238) 2000–2002 [160]
Slovenia 1.3% (1 out of 77) 3 2013–2017 [52]
Albania Central Albania (Tirana city) 13.3% (4 out of 30) 2008 [161]
Bulgaria Central Bulgaria (Stara Zagora city) 16.2% (27 out of 167) 5 Before 2015 7 [162]
Republic of Moldova Southern Moldova: Cahul city 11.9% (5 out of 42) 2018–2019 [163]
Central Moldova: Chișinău city 11.5% (9 out of 78) 2018–2019 [163]
Romania Southern Romania 7% (21 out of 300) 2017 [164]
Southern Romania: Ilfov County 29.2% (28 out of 96) 2013–2014 [165]
Romania 37.6% (41 out of 109) 11 2009–2010 [166]
Romania 8.9% (5 out of 56) 10,12 2013–2015 [167]
Hungary Hungary 5.7% (37 out of 651) 5 2005 [168]
Hungary 50% (39 out of 78) 11 2009–2010 [166]
Southwestern Hungary: Somogy County 5.5% (5 out of 90) 2017 [7]
Austria Austria 9.9% (113 out of 1146) 3 2013–2017 [52]
Switzerland Switzerland 3.3% (51 out of 1540) 3 2013–2017 [52]
Germany Germany 24.3% (1138 out of 4681) 5,13 2004–2009 [169]
Germany 4.6% (534 out of 11,472) 3 2013–2017 [52]
State of Hesse: Rhine-Main area 11.6% (81 out of 697) 14 2018–2020 [170]
Luxembourg Luxembourg 3.3% (4 out of 122) 3 2013–2017 [52]
Belgium Belgium 10.3% (6 out of 58) 3 2013–2017 [52]
The Netherlands The Netherlands 8.4% (64 out of 761) 3 2013–2017 [52]
Denmark Denmark 0.5% (2 out of 431) 3 2013–2017 [52]
Sweden Sweden 2.6% (2 out of 77) 3 2013–2017 [52]
Norway Norway 6.8% (5 out of 74) 3 2013–2017 [52]
Finland 15 Finland 15 9.6% (7 out of 73) 3 2013–2017 [52]
Italy Southern Italy (Strait of Messina—narrow strait between Sicily and Calabria) 15 70.3% (175 out of 249) 5,6 2009 [171]
Central and Northeastern Italy 2.3% (9 out of 385) 2005–2006 [93]
Central Italy 1.7% (2 out of 117) 2012–2013 [172]
Southern Italy (provinces in Campania region: Naples, Avellino, Salerno) 15 0.1% (2 out of 1311) 2015 [173]
Italy 5% (46 out of 913) 3 2013–2017 [52]
Northern Italy 29.1% (30 out of 103) 2 2003–2008 [174]
Central Italy 4.6% (2 out of 43) 2 2003–2008 [174]
Southern Italy 11.1% (2 out of 18) 2 2003–2008 [174]
France Southern France 12.9% (18 out of 140) 2010–2012 [138]
Most of samples from
Northern France		 63.2% (105 out of 166) 6 2006–2008 [6]
France 9.1% (268 out of 2931) 3 2013–2017 [52]
Spain Spain 3.6% (53 out of 1466) 3 2013–2017 [52]
United Kingdom United Kingdom 1.7% (40 out of 2335) 3 2013–2017 [52]
Portugal Portugal 0.7% (1 out of 143) 3 2013–2017 [52]
Asia
Turkey Eastern Turkey: Erzurum province 15 0.8% (1 out of 126) 2010–2012 [175]
Iran Northwestern Iran: Meshkin Shahr County in Ardabil province 15 9.3% (4 out of 43) 2017–2018 [176]
China Henan province: Zhengzhou city 15 5.4% (7 out of 130) 2017–2018 [177]
Japan Japan 15 0.03% (1 out of 3463) 3 2013–2017 [52]
North America
United
States 15 		United States (Canine Vector-Borne Disease Diagnostic Panel, Vector-Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, North Carolina State University) 15 0.2% (18 out of 9367) 3,16 2015–2018 [5]

1 The results include prevalence of B. canis infection in dogs from regions endemic for western population of D. reticulatus and the European gap between western and eastern populations of D. reticulatus. 2 Only dogs with clinical signs suggesting babesiosis were included in the study. 3 Results of PCR-tested canine blood samples in a clinical laboratory (in some countries may include more cases with clinical signs suggestive of babesiosis). 4 Prevalence in free-ranging red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). 5 Seroprevalence. 6 Discrepancies between results presented in various parts of the article. 7 Unknown time of blood collection. 8 Blood collected from dogs infected with Dirofilaria repens. 9 Prevalence in free-ranging gray wolves (Canis lupus). 10 Prevalence in free-ranging golden jackals (Canis aureus). 11 Dogs were imported to Germany. 12 Two animals from other countries (one from Austria and one from Czech Republic). 13 Dogs imported from countries other than Germany, mainly from Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, and Turkey. 14 Only 14 out of 81 PCR products were sequenced; 13 sequences showed B. canis DNA, 1 sequence showed B. vulpes DNA. 15 Region/country out of range of D. reticulatus occurrence. 16 9345 blood samples and 22 tissue samples.