Table 5.
Prevalence of Babesia vogeli infection in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks collected from vegetation/environment and dogs and other animals in various countries.
| Country/Region | Prevalence of Infected Ticks (No. of Infections) | Time of Tick Collection | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ticks collected from vegetation/environment | ||||
| Israel | Western Israel | 2.3% (3 out of 131 pools) 1 | 2002–2003, 2007–2008 | [220] |
| Western Israel | 0.8% (1 out of 124) 2 | Before 2022 3 | [221] | |
| Portugal | Southern Portugal: Faro District | 0% (0 out of 230) | 2012 | [222] |
| Ticks collected from dogs | ||||
| Western Pacific | ||||
| United States | Western Pacific Ocean: Guam Island | 1.3% (1 out of 75) | 2010 | [219] |
| North America | ||||
| Mexico | South-central Mexico: State of Morelos, Cuautla city | 16.7% (3 out of 18) | Before 2017 3 | [218] |
| South America | ||||
| Brazil | Eastern Brazil: Pernambuco state (the municipality of Petrolina) | 3% (3 out of 100) | 2011–2012 | [216] |
| Midwestern Brazil: Mato Grosso State (Poconé municipality) | 1.3% (5 out of 392) | 2009 | [215] | |
| Europe | ||||
| Portugal | Southern Portugal: Faro District | 0.3% (1 out of 321) | 2012–2013 | [222] |
| Western Portugal: Lisbon and Setúbal districts | 0% (0 out of 253) | 2012–2013 | [222] | |
| Northeastern Portugal: Guarda District | 0% (0 out of 42) | 2012–2013 | [222] | |
| Spain | Northeastern Spain (Barcelona metropolitan area) | 3.2% (1 out of 31 pools) 1,2,4,5 | 2011–2013 | [223] |
| France | Southern France | 10.5% (26 out of 248) 4 | 2010–2012 | [138] |
| Italy | Italy (78 provinces) | 1.1% (10 out of 949 pools) 1 | 2016–2017 | [224] |
| Ukraine | Southeastern Ukraine: Crimea (Sevastopol city) | 0% (0 out of 52) | 2016 | [77] |
| Russia | Southern Russia: various cities (Astrakhan, Blagoveshchensk, Krasnodar, Sochi, Stavropol) | 0% (0 out of 43) | 2016 | [77] |
| Chechnya | Central Chechnya: Grozny city | 5.9% (1 out of 17) | 2016 | [77] |
| Asia | ||||
| Palestine | Palestine, 4 districts: Hebron, Jenin, Nablus, and Tubas | 0.5% (1 out of 186) | 2015 | [225] |
| India | Southern India: Chennai city | 2% (6 out of 294) | 2018 | [226] |
| Malaysia | Peninsular Malaysia | 1.4% (2 out of 140) | Before 2018 3 | [227] |
| Malaysia | 33.3% (1 out of 3) | Before 2020 3 | [228] | |
| Indonesia | Indonesia | 0% (0 out of 78) | Before 2020 3 | [228] |
| Singapore | Singapore | 0% (0 out of 4) | Before 2020 3 | [228] |
| Taiwan | Taiwan | 0% (0 out of 21) | Before 2020 3 | [228] |
| Northern and Western Taiwan | 3.6% (21 out of 582) | 2015–2017 | [229] | |
| Thailand | Thailand | 0% (0 out of 34) | Before 2020 3 | [228] |
| Philippines | Philippines | 0% (0 out of 90) | Before 2020 3 | [228] |
| Northern Philippines: Metro Manila and Laguna | 0.6% (1 out of 157) | Before 2018 3 | [230] | |
| Vietnam | Vietnam | 2.6% (3 out of 117) | Before 2020 3 | [228] |
| Northern Vietnam: Hanoi and neighboring provinces | 0.3% (1 out of 302) | 2018 | [231] | |
| Various provinces in southern, central, and northern Vietnam | 3.6% (9 out of 251) 4 | 2010, 2018 | [232] | |
| China | China | 0% (0 out of 20) | Before 2020 3 | [228] |
| Eastern China: Jiangsu province (Taixing city) | 3.4% (5 out of 146) | 2012–2014 | [233] | |
| Central China: Chongqing municipality | 25% (4 out of 16) | Before 2012 3 | [213] | |
| Southeastern China: Guangdong province | 3.6% (1 out of 28) | Before 2012 3 | [213] | |
| Southeastern China: Hainan province | 3.3% (4 out of 121) | Before 2012 3 | [213] | |
| Southern China: Guangxi province | 12.5% (11 out of 88) | Before 2012 3 | [213] | |
| Eastern China: Zhejiang province | 6.7% (1 out of 15) | Before 2012 3 | [213] | |
| Australia | ||||
| Australia | Australia: Queensland and Northern Territory | 1.1% (2 out of 184) 6 | 2012–2015 | [206] |
| Africa | ||||
| Egypt | Northern Egypt: Cairo and Giza cities | 5.5% (8 out of 144) | Before 2022 3 | [234] |
| Tunisia | Tunisia, 4 locations: Zaga, Sidi Thabet, Somâa, and Bouhajla | 0.6% (1 out of 160) | 2006 | [235] |
| Algeria | Northern Algeria: region of Djelfa and area of Bordj Bou Arreridj | 13% (50 out of 384 pools) 1 | 2017–2019 | [214] |
1 Pooled ticks. 2 R. turanicus. 3 Unknown time of tick collection. 4 Ticks collected from dogs and other animals. 5 B. vogeli has been found in ticks collected from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). 6 The only species in Australia previously considered as tropical lineage of R. sanguineus s.l. is classified now as R. linnaei.