Figure 2.

Intergroup comparison of variations in insulin sensitivity indexes between the control and PPEP groups. The variations were calculated using the following formula: (3 months post-supplementation − baseline). Comparison between groups was performed using a paired t-test for normally distributed data and a Wilcoxon test for non-normally distributed data; p < 0.05 indicates a significant difference. The difference between groups is indicated by *: p < 0.05. HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; ISI-M, insulin sensitivity Matsuda index; SI(is)-OGTT, simple index assessing insulin sensitivity.