Table 4.
Comparative table of anthropometric parameters between the control and PPEP groups.
| Control (n = 9) | p-Value 1 | PPEP (n = 9) | p-Value 1 | p-Value 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric and Nutritional Data | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m 2) | Baseline | 31.7 ± 3.2 | 0.97 | 31.5 ± 3.2 | 0.46 | |
| 3 months | 31.7 ± 3.1 | 31.7 ± 3.1 | ||||
| Δ | −0.01 ± 0.7 | 0.21 ± 0.8 | 0.49 | |||
| Waist circumference | Baseline | 98.7 ± 9.6 | 0.43 | 98.1 ± 9.9 | 0.19 | |
| (cm) | 3 months | 95.1 ± 16.6 | 99.3 ± 8.9 | |||
| Δ | −3.6 ± 12.9 | 1.2 ± 2.5 | 0.29 | |||
| Body fat (%) | Baseline | 41.1 ± 6.8 | 0.62 | 41.2 ± 6.9 | 0.96 | |
| 3 months | 41.4 ± 6.8 | 41.2 ± 6.6 | ||||
| Δ | 0.26 ± 1.4 | −0.03 ± 2.1 | 0.99 | |||
| Lean body mass (%) | Baseline | 58.9 ± 6.8 | 0.62 | 58.6 ± 6.9 | 0.85 | |
| 3 months | 58.6 ± 6.8 | 58.8 ± 6.6 | ||||
| Δ | −0.27 ± 1.4 | 0.14 ± 2.3 | 0.99 | |||
| E/I ratio 3 (kcal/J) | Baseline | 1.60 ± 0.5 | 1.52 ± 0.4 | 0.64 | ||
Intra-group comparison (baseline vs. 3 months after supplementation for each group) and inter-group comparison (variation for PPEP vs. variation for control). 1 Intra-group comparison between pre-supplementation (baseline) and post-supplementation (3 months) values for the PPEP and control groups. 2 Inter-group comparison of variations (Δ) between the PPEP and control groups. The variations were calculated using the following formula: (3 months post-supplementation − baseline). 3 The ratio of energy expended/intake was calculated using the following formula: (total daily energy expenditure(kcal) ÷ calorie intake(kcal)) ÷ weight(kg) × 100). Data are mean ± standard deviation (SD). Comparison of two groups was performed on matched data by a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test or by a paired t-test according to data normality; p < 0.05 indicates a significant difference. BMI, body mass index; E/I ratio, ratio of energy expended/intake; Δ, variation between pre- and post-supplementation values.