Table 5.
Comparative table of biological parameters between the control and PPEP groups.
| Control (n = 9) | p-Value 1 | PPEP (n = 9) | p-Value 1 | p-Value 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological data | ||||||
| Renal function data | ||||||
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | Baseline | 66.9 ± 13 | 0.51 | 65.2 ± 12.6 | 0.22 | |
| 3 months | 68.1 ± 12.8 | 63.1 ± 12.9 | ||||
| Δ | 1.2 ± 5.2 | −2.1 ± 4.7 | 0.57 | |||
| Creatinine clearance 3 | Baseline | 127.2 ± 43.3 | 0.41 | 129.1 ± 43.1 | 0.16 | |
| 3 months | 124.2 ± 41.9 | 133.3 ± 39.9 | ||||
| Δ | −3.1 ± 8.8 | 4.2 ± 9 | 0.30 | |||
| Liver function data | ||||||
| AST (UI/L) | Baseline | 21.4 ± 4.8 | 0.82 | 22.8 ± 4.5 | 0.62 | |
| 3 months | 21.2 ± 5 | 21.9 ± 4.7 | ||||
| Δ | −0.2 ± 2.9 | −0.9 ± 5.3 | 0.89 | |||
| ALT (UI/L) | Baseline | 22 ± 12.7 | 0.99 | 23.1 ± 12.7 | 0.55 | |
| 3 months | 20.7 ± 8.4 | 21.8 ± 10.6 | ||||
| Δ | −1.3 ± 8.2 | −1.3 ± 12.1 | 0.99 | |||
| AST/ALT | Baseline | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 0.99 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 0.91 | |
| 3 months | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | ||||
| Δ | 0.05 ± 0.3 | −0.12 ± 0.5 | 0.91 | |||
| GGT (UI/L) | Baseline | 23.6 ± 12.1 | 0.83 | 25. 9 ± 14.9 | 0.15 | |
| 3 months | 21 ± 10.6 | 24 ± 12.6 | ||||
| Δ | −2.6 + 11.9 | −1.9 ± 3.5 | 0.88 | |||
| Lipid profile data | ||||||
| Total cholesterol (g/L) | Baseline | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 0.91 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 0.92 | |
| 3 months | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | ||||
| Δ | 0.03 ± 0.3 | 0.01 ± 0.3 | 0.99 | |||
| Triglycerides (g/L) | Baseline | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 0.76 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.75 | |
| 3 months | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | ||||
| Δ | 0.04 ± 0.4 | 0.02 ± 0.1 | 0.73 | |||
| HDL-cholesterol (g/L) | Baseline | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.75 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.31 | |
| 3 months | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | ||||
| Δ | −0.01 ± 0.08 | −0.01 ± 0.04 | 0.82 | |||
| LDL-cholesterol (g/L) | Baseline | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 0.77 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 0.75 | |
| 3 months | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | ||||
| Δ | 0.03 ± 0.2 | 0.03 ± 0.2 | 0.91 | |||
| Adipose tissue function data | ||||||
| Leptin (pg/mL) | Baseline | 42,931 ± 18,137 | 0.73 | 37,266 ± 16,592 | 0.18 | |
| 3 months | 44,344 ± 18,395 | 45,587 ± 24,241 | ||||
| Δ | 1413 ± 11,710 | 8321 ± 16,861 | 0.36 | |||
| Adiponectin (ng/mL) | Baseline | 6882 ± 4462 | 0.91 | 7010 ± 4883 | 0.34 | |
| 3 months | 6791 ± 4475 | 6655 ± 5069 | ||||
| Δ | −90.6 ± 1107 | −355.4 ± 974 | 0.20 | |||
| Oxidative stress data | ||||||
| 8-iso-PGF 2α (pg/mL) | Baseline | 1533 ± 2812 | 0.16 | 1021 ± 1549 | 0.34 | |
| 3 months | 875 ± 1325 | 425 ± 393 | ||||
| Δ | −659 ± 1512 | −595 ± 1626 | 0.91 | |||
Intra-group comparison (baseline vs. 3 months after supplementation for each group) and inter-group comparison (variation for PPEP vs. variation for control). 1 Intra-group comparison between pre-supplementation (baseline) and post-supplementation (3 months) values for the PPEP and control groups. 2 Inter-group comparison of variations (Δ) between the PPEP and control groups. The variations were calculated using the following formula: (3 months post-supplementation—baseline). 3 Creatinine clearance was calculated using the Cockroft and Gault formula. Data are mean ± standard deviation (SD). Comparison of two groups was performed on matched data by a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test or by a paired t-test according to data normality; p < 0.05 indicates a significant difference. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; 8-iso-PGF 2α, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α; Δ, variation between pre- and post-supplementation values.