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. 2023 Aug 11;12(8):1119. doi: 10.3390/biology12081119

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Hypoxic stress response mechanism [35,36,37,38,39,40,41]. PHD: prolyl hydroxylases, HIF-1α: hypoxia-inducible factor alpha subunit, VHL: von Hippel–Lindua tumor suppressor protein, PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, HIF-1β: hypoxia-inducible factor beta subunit, HREs: hypoxia response elements, VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, GLUT1: glucose transporter 1.