Figure 5.
Osmotic stress response mechanism [42,43,44,45,46]. Rac1: Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, ATM kinase: ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase, PKA: protein kinase A, TonEBP: tonicity element binding protein, AP-1: activating protein-1, UTA-1: urea transporter A1, BGT-1: betaine GABA transporter, ALDOA: aldolase A, Hsp70: heat shock protein 70.
