Aβ	amyloid-β
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
ANLS	astrocyte-neuron-lactate shuttle
APP	amyloid precursor protein
ATP	adenosine 5′-triphosphate
CoA	coenzyme A
CSF	cerebrospinal fluid
DHAP	dihydroxyacetone phosphate
ETC	electron transport chain
FADH2	flavin adenine dinucleotide
GI tract	gastrointestinal tract
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
NADH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADPH	nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NFT	neurofibrillary tangles
OXPHOS	oxidative phosphorylation
PEP	phosphoenolpyruvate
PI3K	phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase
PKM1	pyruvate kinase M1
PKM2	pyruvate kinase, muscle, M2 isoform
PPP	pentose phosphate pathway
PTEN	phosphatase and tensin homolog
SCFA	short-chain fatty acid
SP	senile plaque
STAT3	signal transducer and activator of tran-scription 3
TCA	tricarboxylic acid