Table 3.
Type of material analysis and markers of interest.
| Category | Phenotypes | Marker of Target | Type of Analysis | Name of Stain/Assay | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tissue | Cell nuclei, extracellular matrix, cytoplasm, inflammatory infiltration, adipose tissue | VSMC nuclei | Histological | Haematoxylin and eosin | SOP 13LU-0406 |
| Extracellular matrix | Collagen I and III | Histological | Picrosirius red (Direct red 80) |
SOP 16CM-421 | |
| Extracellular matrix | Elastin | Histological | Elastica van Gieson | SOP 12PL-0403 | |
| Contractile VSMC | Calponin-1 (CNN1) | Immunohistological (IHC) | CNN1 stain | SOP 14LU-0412 | |
| Contractile VSMC | Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) | Immunohistological (IHC) | α-SMA stain | SOP 14LU-0404 | |
| Vascular vitamin K status and vascular calcification | Uncarboxylated matrix gamma carboxyglutamate protein (ucMGP) | Immunohistological (IHC) | ucMGP stain | SOP 14LU-0413 | |
| Proteinase inhibitor | Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (A1AT, SERPINA1) | Immunohistological (IHC) | SERPINA1 strain | SOP 22RK BG-439 | |
| Blood serum | Breakdown products of elastin | Desmosine (DES) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) | DES ELISA kit | n.a. |
| Breakdown products of elastin | Isodesmosine (IDES) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) | IDES ELISA kit | n.a. |
SOP = standard operating procedure, as locally established and managed.