Figure 3.

Schematic showing the key characteristics and steps to biofabricate mature microvasculature. (A) The presence of a hollow lumen to allow for blood flow; (B) hierarchy-based branched network; and (C) a complex signalling milieu. Seymour et al. propose three steps to biofabricate mature microvasculature involving (D) an extrusion-based bioprinting technique to create the hollow lumen foundation, (E) use of proangiogenic signalling for capillary formation, and (F) stabilisation of the vascular network with supporting cell types. Reprinted with permission from Seymour et al. [88].