Table 1.
Metagenomic sequencing skin studies.
| Study ID | # of Patients | # of Healthy Controls | Sample Type | 16S Region | α–Diversity | β–Diversity | Major Findings | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lam 2021 [11] | 7 | 6 | swabs | V3–V4 | no significant differences | no significant differences | Mesorhizobium ↑ in lesional skin | 4 |
| Schneider 2020 [22] | 11 | 10 | swabs/cyanoacrylate glue |
V3–V4 | no significant differences | significant loss in HS patients; impact of smoking and alcohol use |
loss of heterogeneity between body sites and skin niches in HS patients; Cutibacterium ↓; Peptoniphilus, Porphyromonas, Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Arcanobacterium ↑; functional differences between microbiota of HS and normal skin; metabolic pathways are influenced by different genera in normal and HS skin |
8 |
| Guet-Revillet 2017 [24] | 65 | ND | swabs/biopsy/needle aspiration | V1–V2 | ND | ND | anaerobes in lesional skin ↑; Prevotella and Porphyromonas ↑; Fusobacterium and Parvimonas—correlation with HS severity |
5 |
| McCarthy 2022 [12] | 59 | 20 | swabs | ND | reduction in HS cohort (only nasal swabs reached statistically significant decrease) | significant separation in beta-diversity with respect to axilla, groin, and nasal microbiota datasets | Finegoldia magna ↑ (groin and axilla) in HS | 9 |
| Naik 2020 [14] | 12 | 5 | swabs | V1–V3 | significant ↑ in the inguinal creases of HS (affected and unaffected skin) | ND |
Cutibacterium spp. ↓ in HS (affected and unaffected); Gram negative Porphyromonadeacea, Prevotellaceae, Fusobacteria phylum + positive anaerobes (Clostridales) ↑ in HS (affected and unaffected skin) |
6 |
| Ring 2017 [18] | 30 | 24 | biopsy (HS: lesional and non-lesional skin) | V3–V4 + V3–V4 of the 18SrDNA |
no significant difference; increased Shannon diversity index was found in non-lesional HS skin compared to lesional and healthy skin |
no significant difference |
Corynebacterium and Porphyromonas and Peptoniphilus—HS skin; Acinetobacter + Morxella ↑ in non-lesional HS; Porphyromonas and Peptoniphilus spp. at the genus level sig ↑ in lesional skin; Cutibacterium spp. ↑ in healthy controls; P. acnes and Corynebacterium striatum ↑ in the healthy control group |
7 |
| Guet-Revillet H 2014 [16] | 6 | ND | transcutaneous/swabs | ND | ND | ND |
Staphylococcus ↑ within the Hurley stage 1 abscess; Prevotellam Porphyromonas, Anaerococcus and Mobiluncus spp. ↑ in chronic suppurating lesions |
3 |
| Riverain-Gillet 2020 [17] | 60 | 17 | swabs | ND | no significant difference | significantly higher in HS samples |
Prevotella, Actinomyces, Campylobacter ureolyticus and Mobilinucus ↑ staphylococci ↓ in HS samples; two clusters: Cluster A—enriched in anaerobes (Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Dialister and Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus), Cluster B—aerobic) associated with Staphylococcus and Micrococcus |
7 |
ND—not determined.