ACC-1	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
ACEs	Angiotensin Converting Enzymes
AGEs	Advanced Glycation Endproducts
AMPD	AMP deaminase
AP1	Activator protein 1
ApoB	Apolipoprotein B
AT1R	Angiotensin type 1 receptor
BMI	Body mass index
CAD	Coronary artery disease
CPT-1	Carntine Palmyle transferase
CRP	C reactive protein
DHEA	Dehydroepiandrosterone
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNL	De novo lipogensesis
ECM	Extracellular matrices
F1P	Fructose-1-phosphate
FAS	Fatty acid synthase
FFA	Free fatty acids
Glut 4	Glucose transporter type 4
HDL	High-density lipoprotein
Hepatic DNL	Hepatic de novo lipogenesis
HFCS	High fructose corn syrup
HICs	High-income countries
HMGCOAR	Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
HMGCOAS	Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase
IL-17	Interleukin 17
IL-6	Interleukin 6
IRS1	Insulin resistance substrate 1
IR	Insulin resistance
IRS-1	Insulin receptor substrate-1
KLF2/4	Kruppel-like factor
LCFH	Low-carb, high-fat
MAPKs	Mitogen-activated protein kinases
MetS	Metabolic syndrome
MMP	Matrix metalloproteinase
mRNA	MicroRNA
MT1	Membrane type-1
Na	sodium
NAFLD	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NFβ	Nuclear factor-κB
NHE3	Na+-H+ exchanger type 3
NO	Nitric oxide
p-ACC-1	Phospho-Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
p-AMPK	Phosphorylated adenosine monokinase
PCOS	Polycystic ovarioan syndrome
PDGF	Platelet derived growth factor
PECAM 1	Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1
PKC	Protein kinase C
PPAR-α	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
p-PPAR-α,	Phosphorylated Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
RAAS	Renin angiotensin aldosterone system
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SHBG	Sex hormone binding globulin
SREBP-1	Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein-1
SREBP-2	Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
TNF-α	Tumour necrosis factor alpha
tPA	Tissue plasminogen activator
TSH	Thyroid stimulating hormone
UCP-2	Uncoupling protein-2
u-PA	Urokinase plasminogen activator
VLDL	Very low-density lipoprotein
VSMC	Vascular smooth muscle cell
WGA	Wheat germ agglutinin