Table 1.

Breast-cancer-relevant gene, discovery year, involved process, and mutation risk.

Gene	Discovery	Involved Process	Mutation Risk	Reference
PTEN	1997	apoptosis, cell cycle, and signal transduction	activation of proliferation and survival signals	[23]
STK11	1997	cell cycle, metabolism, and energy balance	activation of cell proliferation and metabolic pathways	[24]
CHEK2	1999	DNA repair and cell apoptosis	impairments in DNA repair and cell apoptosis processes	[25]
PIK3CA	2004	regulation of signaling pathway	activation of survival signals	[26]
AKT1	2007	regulation of signaling pathway	activation of cell proliferation and survival signals	[27]
BARD1	2010	DNA repair and cell apoptosis	increased susceptibility to breast cancer	[28]
NF1	2015	regulation of signaling pathway	increased rate of developing breast cancer	[29]