Table 1.

COVID-19 affects immune response and development of tuberculosis infection.

TB Infection and COVID-19	Immune Response	First Author, Year of Publication
LTBI + COVID-19 (clinical case)	decline in CD4+ T cell count along with latent-to-active TB progression	Khayat M, 2021 [24]
LTBI + COVID-19 (study data)	LTBI with COVID-19 showed significantly higher plasma levels of IFN γ, IL-2, TNF α, IL- 1 α, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, IL-3, GM-CSF, IL-10, IL-25, IL-33, CCL3 and CXCL10	Rajamanickam A, 2021 [25]
LTBI + COVID-19 (review)	decreased cytokine levels shown for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13	Shariq M, 2022 [26]
LTBI + COVID-19 (study data)	LTBI in COVID subjects had lowered CD8+ T cell count and IFN-γ level	Palacios-Gutiérrez JJ, 2022 [27]
TB +COVID-19 (study data)	low level of IFN-γ in COVID-19 and TB patients	Petrone L, 2021 [28]
TB +COVID-19 (study data)	decreased SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cell level in COVID-19 and TB patients	Flores-Lovon K, 2022 [29]