Table 1.

LSPR-based applications of Au NPs with different modification methods and shapes.

Modification Method	Type of Au NPs	Type of Target	Time of Color Change	The Limit of Detection	Reference
Aggregation	Au NSPs	Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains	Within 20 min	104 CFU/mL	[69]
Aggregation	Au NSPs	Tetracycline and chloramphenicol	16 min	32.9 nM & 7.0 nM	[70]
Aggregation	Au NSPs	Tl	2 min	3.2 nM	[71]
Surface modification	Au NSPs	Ag(I)	10 min	12 nM	[72]
Growth	Au NRs	pH	3 min	pH 2.0 ~ 12.0	[73]
Growth	Au NSs	Catechol	2 h	1 nM	[74]
Etching	Au NRs	Cu2+	15 min	0.034 μM	[75]
Etching	Au NSs	Kanamycin	3 min	3 aM	[76]
Etching	Au NBPs	Blood glucose	30 min	0.02 mM	[77]
Etching	Au NPLs	Cu2+ and chloramphenicol	20 min	10 uM & 5 uM	[78]
Etching	Au NSPs	S. aureus	65 min	10 CFU/mL	[79]