Table 2.
Signaling cascades following HLA-G interaction with its receptors of immune cells.
| HLA-G Receptors | Immune Cells | Signal Pathway | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| ILT-2 | NK cell | Cytoskeleton rearrangement | Inhibition of NK cytolysis [87] |
| T cell | ILT-2/ILT-4/FasL | Inhibition of T-cell alloproliferation [88] | |
| B cell | SHP-1/AKT, mTOR, c-Raf, GSK3β, and Foxo pathways | Regulating B cell fate decision, such as cell proliferation and differentiation [89] | |
| ILT-4 | T cell | IL4/SHP-1/2-IL-6--STAT3 | Modulation of dendritic cell differentiation [90] |
| KIR2DL4 | NK cell | (DNA-PKcs)-Akt-NF-κB | Pro-inflammatory response or proangiogenesis [91] |
| Blocking MAPK and DNA-PKcs | Inhibition of killing activity of NK and promotion of inflammatory cytokines secretion [91] | ||
| Syk/MAPK/ERK | Inhibition of NK cytotoxicity [92] | ||
| Uncertain | Fas/FasL | Apoptosis of NK cells [93] | |
| SHP-2/mTOR | Inhibition of lymphocyte cell cycle [94] |