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. 2023 Aug 5;123(16):9982–10078. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00139

Table 5. Engineering Strategies for Improving Electrical Conductivity and Their Corresponding Optical and Electrical Characteristics.

engineering strategy materials improved electrical properties transparency ref
Directional Alignment
mechanical stretching CNT conductivity increased from 1000 S cm–1 to 2500 S cm–1 (70% stretching)   (509)
mechanical stretching PEDOT:PSS resistivity decreased by 90% at 60% strain   (510)
mechanical stretching PVDF spontaneous polarization increased from 67 mC m–2 to 140 mC m–2   (511)
solution shearing AgNW sheet resistance, aligned AgNW neworks lower by factors of 1.7–3.4 than random AgNW networks 96.7% (aligned networks), 92.9% (random networks) (512)
solution shearing semiconducting polymer (P2TDC17FT4 and PBTTT-C16) mobility of P2TDC17FT4, from 3.4 × 10–3 to 9.6 × 10–2 (maximum, shearing speed 3.5 mm s–1)   (513)
solution shearing PEDOT:PSS conductivity: 4600 ± 100 S cm–1 97.20% (514)
assembly AgNW nanomembrane conductivity: 103100 S cm–1 parallel direction), 32900 S cm–1 (vertical direction)   (515)
Post-Treatments
laser welding CuNW sheet resistance decreased from 107–108 to 20 Ω sq–1 84.40% (28)
flash welding CuNW sheet resistance decreased from several MΩ sq–1 to 17 Ω sq–1 88% (516)
cold welding AgNW sheet resistance decreased from 2.25 × 105 Ω sq–1 to ∼179 Ω sq–1 89.40% (517)
secondary doping PEDOT:PSS electric conductivity increased to 767 S cm–1   (518)
secondary doping PEDOT:PSS decreased sheet resistance to 46 Ω sq–1 90% (519)