| PU–PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT/PU–PEDOT:PSS |
GF: 62.3 (maximum,
at 2.5% strain) |
tensile strain, 100%; stretching cycles,
1000 (20% strain) |
63% |
(721) |
| |
GF: 8.7–62.3 (1.6–3.5%
strain range) |
|
|
|
| |
| AuNW/AgNW hybrid nanowire networks |
GF: 236.6 (0–5% strain, 1 layer of Au) |
tensile strain, 70%; stretching cycles, 1000 (10%
strain) |
58.7–66.7% |
(722) |
| |
GF: 27.0 (0–40% strain, 4 layers of Au) |
|
|
|
| |
GF: 5.0 (0–70% strain, 6 layers of Au) |
|
|
|
| |
| ionic liquid (ethylene glycol/sodium chloride) |
GF: 2–3.6 (strain: 25–250%) |
tensile strain, 830%;
stretching cycles, 3000 (300% strain) |
|
(723) |
| |
| zwitterionic [2-(methacryloyloxy ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)
ammonium hydroxide (SBMA) |
GF: 1.8 |
Tensile
strain: 2000% |
|
(724) |
| 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
(HEMA) |
|
|
|
|
| laponite XLG nanosheets |
|
|
|
|
| |
| egg white and NaOH hydrogel |
GF: 0.86 (0–80% strain
range) |
tensile strain, 200%; stretching cycles, 10000
(100% strain) |
99.8% |
(725) |
| |
GF: 0.21 (80–200% strain
range) |
|
|
|
| |
| PEG diacrylate |
pressure, 3.1 nF kPa–1 (below 5 kPa); pressure, 1–13 kPa |
bending radius of curvature: 50 mm |
99% |
(726) |
| 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide |
|
|
|
|
| 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone |
|
|
|
|
| |
| scrylamide (AAm) base hydrogel |
15%
capacitance decrease by light touch from 20 mm above the
surface of the sensor to light touch |
stretching cycles:
500000 (10% strain) |
90% |
(727) |
| |
| CVD graphene |
6.55% kPa–1 (pressure range: 0–16 kPa) |
bending radius of curvature: 8 mm (500 cycles) |
>70% |
(728) |
| |
1.15% kPa–1 (pressure range: 16–30 kPa) |
|
|
|
| |
| motion sensing: SWCNT/polylactic acid (PLA) composite-piezoelectric
polymer |
pressure: 0.8 mV kPa–1
|
electrotactile stimulator: tensile
strain 30% |
∼80% |
(591) |
| electrotactile stimulator: AgNW/graphene |
|
bending radius of curvature: 0.38 cm |
|
|
| electrode:
Au doped CVD graphene |
|
|
|
|
| |
| PDMS/boron nitride nanosheet |
piezoelectric
charged constant: 50 pC N–1
|
|
65–81% |
(729) |
| |
push force: 40–80 kg |
|
|
|
| |
| fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)/polyvinyl butyral (PVB)/FEP |
piezoelectric charged constant:
930 pC N–1
|
|
>80% |
(730) |
| PDMS/ITO coated PET |
|
|
75% |
(731) |
| AgNF/PDMS |
|
stretching cycles: 12000 (100% strain) |
>70% |
(627) |
| |
| 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide |
23.3 V kPa–1 (before 20 kPa) |
tensile strain: 1500% for iTPU |
5% |
(732) |
| |
3–6 V kPa–1 (beyond 20 kPa) |
|
|
|
| |
| temperature sensor, rGO/PU; strain sensor, AgNW/PEDOT:PSS/PU;
electrode, PEDOT:PSS/PU |
temperature: ∼1.34% /°C |
tensile strain,
70%; stretching cycles, 10000 (30% strain) |
75% |
(733) |
| |
temperature: 30–80 °C |
|
|
|
| |
GF: 1 (2–5.8% tensile
strain) |
|
|
|
| |
GF: 1.5 (2–5.8% compressive
strain) |
|
|
|
| |
| strain sensor: AgNF/AgNW hybrid nanostructure |
temperature: 0.03%/°C in 30–45 °C |
tensile strain, 90%; stretching cycles, 15000 (70%
strain) |
89.05% |
(734) |
| temperature sensor:
PEDOT:PSS |
strain: 1.78 × 10–3 kPa–1 (below 350
kPa) and 9.65 × 10–3 kPa–1 (above 350 kPa) |
|
|
|
| |
| temperature sensor: acrylamide (AAm), acrylic acid
(AAc) based
hydrogel |
temperature: −0.0289 °C1– (below
∼24 °C) and −0.0127 °C1– (above ∼24 °C) in the temperature range of 15–40 °C |
Tensile strain:
150% |
7–96% (thermoresponsive)
at 600 nm wavelength |
(735) |
| electrode: AgNW/Ag
flakes |
|
|
|
|
| |
| AgNW/Triton X treated PDMS |
GF: 1.4 (0–5% strain) |
tensile strain,
400%; stretching cycles, 10000 (15% strain) |
AgNW, 75%;
PDMS, 84.7% |
(736) |
| |
GF: 13 (10–20% strain) |
|
|
|
| |
| AgNW/cPI with Kirigami structure |
|
stretching cycles: 10000 (400% strain) |
80% |
(599) |
| graphene/PEDOT:PSS on SEBS substrate |
|
tensile strain: 40% |
85% |
(737) |
| |
| sensing layer: PEDOT:PSS |
light stimulation: 17–150 mW mW |
compression strain:
50% |
60% |
(549) |
| electrode: Au grid |
|
|
|
|
| |
| graphene |
electrical stimulation |
|
90% |
(738) |
| current: 50–300 μA (charge density: 116.07–174.10 μC cm–2) |
| |
| PEDOT:PSS doped with ethylene glycol |
response: 105–722 μV (power 0.05–2 mW) light stimulation
power: 0.05–2 mW (density: 5.78–231.09 mW mm–2) |
|
85% |
(739) |
| |
| graphene/AgNW |
glucose: minimum 0.4 μM |
stretching cycles: 5000
(25% strain), 10000 (20% strain) |
>91% |
(460) |
| GOD-pyrene functionalized graphene |
pressure:
2.64 MHz mm Hg1–
|
|
|
|
| |
| P-type doped SWCNT |
0.13 μA μM–1 cm–2
|
|
80% |
(740) |
| |
| inkjet printed thin film optode |
Na+: 100 μM of NaCl (in 35 μL solution) |
|
|
(741) |
| ink (chromoionophore
I, potassium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate,
sodium ionophore IV) |
|
|
|
|
| |
| nano-Au/CNT/PDMS (Rs: 350 Ω/sq) nanostructured
Au (clusters) |
H2O2: 8 nM (S/N ratio: 3) |
stretching cycles: 100 (50% strain) |
∼65% |
(742) |
| |
| sensing layer: graphene electrode: WO3/Au/WO3
|
conductance:
39.73 μA V–1
|
tensile strain: 0.324% |
graphene: 2.7% |
(743) |
| |
0.763 μA mM–1
|
radius of curvature: 175 μm |
PET substrate: 98% |
|
| |
folding: 150° |
shrinking: ∼50% |
electrode: 81% |
|
