| Supercapacitor |
| CNT networks (working electrode), PET (substrate),
Ag/AgCl
(counter electrode), H2SO4 (electrolyte) |
areal capacitance, 10–4 F cm–2; stored energy, 10–4 J |
|
|
13–97% |
|
(798) |
| bilayer graphene/redox-active
layer/bilayer graphene sandwich
structure (electrode), (PVA)-H2SO4 gel (electrolyte) |
areal capacitance: 101 μF cm–2
|
|
1000 cyclic test |
75% |
bending
cycles 1000 times (radius 5 mm) |
(799) |
| Ag/Au/polypyrrole core–shell
nanowire networks (electrode), PVA/H3PO4 gel (electrolyte) |
areal capacitance: 580, 320 μF cm–2 at current density
5.8, 35 μA cm–2
|
|
CV shape maintain at 1 V s–1 rate |
86%
(Ag.Ag core–shell NW networks), 73% and 64% (supercapacitors
with 2 and 3 coating cycles) |
bending cycles >800
times (retained 93% capacitance), stretching
cycles 10000 times (30% strain) |
(697) |
| Ti3C2Tx films (electrode), PVA/H2SO4 gel (electrolyte) |
areal capacitance, 1.6 mF cm–2; energy density, 0.05 μWh cm–2 (at power
density 2.4 μW cm–2) |
|
no capacitance decay over 20000 cycles |
72% |
|
(800) |
| NiO/MnO2 (positive electrode), Fe2O3 (negative electrode), PVA/KOH gel (electrolyte), PET/ITO (substrate) |
areal capacitance, 48.1 mF cm–2; energy density, 9.62 μWh cm–2 (at power density 28.9 μW cm–2) |
voltage window: 1.2 V |
capacitance retains 90% after
10000 cycles |
59% |
maintaining CV shape
under bending angle from 0 to 150° |
(801) |
| AgNW/PET/graphene (current collector,
electrode), PVA/H3PO4 gel (electrolyte) |
areal capacitance: 0.3 mF cm–2
|
|
capacitance retains 98% after 10000 cycles |
65% |
slight increase of areal capacitance under bending radius from
10 to 30 mm |
(802) |
| Ni micromesh/NiCoP (positive electrode), nickel micromesh/nitrogen-doped
porous carbon (negative electrode), PVA/KOH gel (electrolyte) |
specific capacity, 11.1 μAh cm–2; energy
density, 8.0 μWh cm–2; power density, 980
μW cm–2
|
voltage window: 0–1.4 V |
capacitance retains
97.6% after 50000 cycles |
80.2% (electrode only), 57.1%
(the full device with packaging),
67.5% (full device without packaging) |
stable under bending
radius from 2 to 12 mm |
(803) |
| Mxene quantum dots/laser rGO (electrode), PVA/H2SO4 gel (electrolyte), PET (substrate) |
areal capacitance, 10.42, 15.2, 23.1, 39.8, and 64.6
mF cm–2; energy density, 2.04 × 10–3 mWh cm–2;
power
density, 129.4 μW cm2
|
voltage window: 1.2 V |
capacitance retains 97.6% after
12000 cycles |
>90% |
stable under a bending
angle from 0 to 180° |
(804) |
| Battery |
| LiMn2O4 nanorods (cathode), Li4Ti5O12 nanopowder (anode), PVDF-HFP with LiClO4 in EC/DEC (electrolyte gel), gold (current collector) |
areal capacity: 20, 10, 5 Wh L–1
|
discharge voltage 2.4 V, current density <10 μA cm–2 at 2 mV s–1
|
discharge capacity: 100 mAh g–1 (remains
over 80 mAh g–1 after 15 cycles) |
57% (full cell with packaging) |
bending
cycles: 100 (radius 2 cm) |
(805) |
| Ti/Pt (bottom current collector), LiCoO2 (positive
electrode), LiPON (electrolyte), Si (negative electrode), Ti (top
current collector) |
|
4.2–3 V |
discharge capacity: 0.15–0.6 mAh, average capacity loss of 0.08%
after 100 cycles |
17–60% |
|
(806) |
| Zn/Ni/Ag nanofiber
(anode), porous PANi/THE (cathode),
PVA/ZnCl2 gel (electrolyte) |
areal capacity 174.82 mAh m–2(at
0.013 A cm–2), areal
energy density,
113.6 mWh m–2 (at 168.8 mW m–2); volumetric energy density, 378.8 Wh m–3 (at
power density 562.7 W m–3) |
discharge voltage: 0.3–1.6 V |
coloration stability, optical contrast loss of 11%
under 500
cycles |
80% |
bending cycles: 10000 (radius 2 mm) |
(807) |
| AuNWs (bote current
collector), PAM hydrogel (electrolyte),
Zn (anode), α-MnO2 (cathode) |
capacity, 176.5 mAh g–1; energy density, 261 mWh g–1
|
1–1.8 V |
Coulombic efficiency: 91.2% after 120 cycles and 50% strain |
72.6% (without strain), 64.7% (with 50% strain) |
stretching cycles: 120 (50% strain) |
(808) |
