Table 7. Cause-specific mortality fraction, by type of cardiovascular disease, systematic review of verbal autopsies in low- and middle-income countries, 1992–2022.
| Study author, countrya | Verbal autopsy findings in people aged ≥ 15 years |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total deaths (n) | Stroke |
Ischaemic heart disease |
Other and unspecified cardiac disease |
|||||||
| No. deaths | Cause-specific mortality fraction, % | No. deaths | Cause-specific mortality fraction, % | No. deaths | Cause-specific mortality fraction, % | |||||
| African Region (n = 13) | ||||||||||
| Ndila, Kenya19 | 3 310 | 317 | 9.6 | 33 | 1.0 | 194 | 5.9 | |||
| Ashenafi, Ethiopia22 | 1 535 | 64 | 4.2 | 30 | 2.0 | 69 | 4.5 | |||
| Jasseh, Gambia23 | 1 619 | 146 | 9.0 | ND | ND | 43 | 2.7 | |||
| Abera, Ethiopia24 | 1 091 | 83 | 7.6 | 26 | 2.4 | 48 | 4.4 | |||
| Koné, Côte d’Ivoire26 | 375 | 9 | 2.4 | 1 | 0.3 | 15 | 4.0 | |||
| Mossong, South Africa28 | 9 161 | 403 | 4.4 | 55 | 0.6 | 509 | 5.6 | |||
| Kynast-Wolf, Burkina Faso30 | 1 238 | 15 | 1.2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | |||
| Phillips-Howard, Kenya32 | 15 228 | 327 | 2.1 | 100 | 0.7 | 957 | 6.3 | |||
| Challe, United Republic of Tanzania33 | 713 | 41 | 5.8 | ND | ND | 71 | 10.0 | |||
| Awini, Ghana34 | 2 547 | 219 | 8.6 | 147 | 5.8 | 53 | 2.1 | |||
| Sifuna, Kenya35 | 3 001 | 201 | 6.7 | 74 | 2.5 | 122 | 4.1 | |||
| Walker, United Republic of Tanzania36 | 7 629 | 421 | 5.5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | |||
| Fenta, Ethiopia40 | 7 911 | 81 | 1.0 | ND | ND | 155 | 2.0 | |||
| Total | 55 358 | 2327 | 4.2 | 466 | 0.8 | 2236 | 4.0 | |||
| South-East Asia Region (n = 10) | ||||||||||
| Joshi, India41 | 1 251 | 170 | 13.6 | 183 | 14.6 | 78 | 6.2 | |||
| Alam, Bangladesh44 | 9 777 | 2144 | 21.9 | 863 | 8.8 | ND | ND | |||
| Alam, Bangladesh42 | 2 662 | 569 | 21.4 | 335 | 12.6 | ND | ND | |||
| Ke, India45 | 472 113 | 41 000 | 8.7 | 66 000 | 14.0 | 5000 | 1.1 | |||
| Singh, India46 | 2 222 | 175 | 7.9 | 267 | 12.0 | 204 | 9.2 | |||
| Saha, India47 | 411 | ND | ND | 42 | 10.2 | 42 | 10.2 | |||
| Wahab, Indonesia48 | 775 | 213 | 27.5 | 9 | 1.2 | 96 | 12.4 | |||
| Rai, India52 | 4 140 | 122 | 2.9 | 426 | 10.3 | 53 | 1.3 | |||
| Kalkonde, India50 | 1 417 | 229 | 16.2 | 69 | 4.9 | 7 | 0.5 | |||
| Rai, India52 | 2 094 | 558 | 26.6 | 91 | 4.3 | 33 | 1.6 | |||
| Total | 496 862 | 45 180 | 9.1 | 68 285 | 13.7 | 5513 | 1.1 | |||
| Western Pacific Region (n = 1) | ||||||||||
| Ngo, Viet Nam56 | 6 298 | 1139 | 18.1 | 136 | 2.2 | 381 | 6.0 | |||
| Total | 6 298 | 1139 | 18.1 | 136 | 2.2 | 381 | 6.0 | |||
| Total for all regions | 558 518 | 48 646 | 8.7 | 68 887 | 12.3 | 8130 | 1.5 | |||
ND: not determined.
a We grouped countries by World Health Organization regions.